“奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话”回答现场和网友提问实录
2009年11月16日美国总统奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话。以下为奥巴马回答现场和网友提问实录：
So — I just want to make sure this works. This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings. And what we’re going to do is I will just — if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands. I will call on you. And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.
我只想确保这能进行得顺利。顺便提一句，这是一种在美国的这类直接对话会中十分常见的传统做法。我们要做的是——如果你想提问，就请举手。我会叫到你。我会交替回答现场观众的问题和学生们代为提出的来自互联网的问题，还有，我想洪博培大使可能会提一个我们通过大使馆网站征集到的问题。
So let me begin, though, by seeing — and then what I’ll do is I’ll call on a boy and then a girl and then — so we’ll go back and forth, so that you know it’s fair. All right? So I’ll start with this young lady right in the front. Why don’t we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you. And what’s your name?
让我们开始吧，先看看——我来采取这样的做法：先叫一位男生，再叫一位女生，然后——这样轮流，以便大家认为公平。好吗？首先我要请前排这位年轻女士提问。请等一下拿到麦克风再讲，让大家都能听到。你叫什么名字？
[现场提问]
Q My name is (inaudible) and I am a student from Fudan University. Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges. So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year. Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.
问：我的名字叫（听不清），我是复旦大学的学生。自1985年以来，上海与芝加哥就结为了姐妹城市，两座城市在经济、政治和文化方面进行了各种广泛的的交流活动。那么，您将采取什么举措来加深美国与中国各城市间的这种紧密联系？上海将于明年举办世界博览会。您会带着您的家人来参观世博会吗？谢谢。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question. I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago — my home town — that he’s visited there twice. And I think it’s wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.
奥巴马总统: 十分感谢你提出这个问题。我来这里之前，恰在与上海市长共进午餐，他告诉我，他与芝加哥市——我的家乡——有着极好的关系，他已经到芝加哥市访问过两次。我认为城市之间进行交流是非常好的事。
One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we’re able to reduce our carbon footprint. And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China. But as China grows and expands, it’s going to be using more energy as well. So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.
我与上海市长讨论的内容之一是，两座城市如何能够在清洁能源战略上彼此学习，因为把中国与美国联系在一起的问题之一是：随着人口的增长和对气候变化的担忧，我们如何能够减少我们两国的碳足迹。显然，在美国和许多发达国家中，按人口、按每个人平均计算，他们使用的能源比起在中国这里的每个人使用的能源要多得多。但随着中国的增长和发展，它也将使用更多的能源。因此两国都十分想要找到新的战略。
We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai. I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that’s being done on high-speed rail.
我们谈到了公共交通及上海正在发展的优异的轨道线。我认为我们在芝加哥和美国可以从正在建造的精良的高速轨道工程中学习一些东西。
In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient. And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it’s very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating. And so it’s a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.
在美国，我想我们正在学习建造使用更少能源、节能效率更高的建筑。而我知道，就上海来说——我一路过来看到那么多起重机和那么多正在建造中的新楼房，我们开始吸收这些新技术十分重要，从而将使每幢大楼在照明方面、在取暖方面都做到节能。因此我认为这是一个向彼此学习的很好的机会。
I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor. And so I would love to attend. I’m not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I’m very pleased that we’re going to have an excellent U.S. pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here. So it’s going to be very crowded and it’s going to be very exciting.
我知道，清洁能源将成为上海世界博览会的一个主要焦点——我从上海市长那里了解到这一点。因此我将乐于出席。我现在还无法确定我未来的日程安排；但我感到十分高兴的是，在上海世博会里将有一个十分精彩的美国馆。我听说预计将有多达7000万人来参观。因此这里将会人山人海，而且会十分激动人心。
Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city. So I’m sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.
芝加哥在历史上曾举办过两次世博会，那两次世博会都给这座城市带来了巨大推动力。我确信同样的情况会在上海这里出现。
Thank you. (Applause.)
谢谢。（掌声）
Why don’t we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case —
让我们从网上的提问中选一个问题吧。请介绍你自己，万一 ……
Q First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay?
问：我先说中文，再说英语，好吗？
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.
奥巴马总统：好的。
[现场提问]
问：我提的这个问题来自互联网。我要谢谢总统先生在您任期内第一年访问中国，在中国与我们交换意见。我想知道您这次访问中国给中国带来什么，您又将带什么回美国？（掌声）
Q I want to pose a question from the Internet. I want to thank you, Mr. President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China. I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States? (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future. I have had several meetings now with President Hu. We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis. We have had consultations about a wide range of issues. But I think it’s very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it’s important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.
奥巴马总统：我这次访问的主要目的是，加深了解中国以及中国对未来的展望。我与胡主席已经有多次会晤。我们共同参加了应对经济金融危机的20国集团会议。我们就一系列广泛议题进行了磋商。但是我认为，美国继续加深对中国的了解非常重要，正如中国也同样需要继续加深了解美国。
In terms of what I’d like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you — these are all highlights — but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.
至于我希望从这次会晤或从这次访问中看到什么成果，除了借这个绝好的机会参观故宫和长城，并与在座的各位见面——这些都是主要内容——我还打算与胡主席讨论一个要点，也就是洪博培大使前面谈到的，没有美国和中国的共识，就无法战胜多少全球性的挑战。
So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change. The United States and China are the world’s two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm. Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China. On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population. So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it.
我来举一个具体例子，这就是我们刚刚谈到的气候变化问题。美国和中国是世界上最大的两个温室气体放排及碳排放国，这种排放导致地球变暖。如我在前面所说，美国作为一个高度发达的国家，人均能源消耗量和温室气体排放量比中国高得多。另一方面，中国的增长速度更快，人口更多。因此，除非我们两国有意愿在这个问题上采取关键步骤，否则我们就无法解决这个问题。
There’s going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations — obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States — but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases.
在定于12月举行的哥本哈根会议上，世界领导人将努力寻找一项方案，使我们大家都能够作出各自不同的承诺，对各国承担的义务有所区分——显然，因为中国贫困人口多得多，因此不必采取与美国完全相同的行动——但是，在计划如何减少温室气体方面，我们大家都应承担一定的义务。
So that’s an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting — a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership. Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us. They will watch to see what we do. And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they’re not serious about this, then they won’t be serious either. That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry. And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues. Okay? (Applause.)
这个例子说明了我希望在这次会晤中看到什么成果——我将与胡主席交换想法，讨论美中两国如何能够共同发挥领导作用。因为，我可以告诉你们，世界上其他国家将等待着我们。他们将观察我们的行动。如果他们认为美国和中国并不认真对待这个问题，那么他们也就不会认真对待它。这是我们两国现在肩负的领导责任。我的希望是，通过越来越多的讨论和对话，我们能够向世界更多地展示我们在许多这些关键问题上的领导作用。好不好？（掌声）
All right, it’s a — I think it must be a boy’s turn now. Right? So I’ll call on this young man right here.
好吧，下面该轮到男生了，对吗？我来请这位小伙子提问。
[现场提问]
问：总统先生，下午好。我来自同济大学。我想引用孔子的一句话：“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”。在《论语》中有一句名言叫和而不同。中国倡导一个和谐世界。我们知道美国形成了一种以多元化为特点的文化，请问您的这届政府会采取哪些措施来建设一个由不同文化组成的多元化世界？您会采取哪些措施尊重其他国家不同的文化和历史？我们将来能进行哪些合作？
Q (As translated.) Mr. President, good afternoon. I’m from Tongji University. I want to cite a saying from Confucius: “It is always good to have a friend coming from afar.” In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences. China advocates a harmonious world. We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity. I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point. The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture. We have people coming from all around the world. And so there’s no one definition of what an American looks like. In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya; I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States; my sister is half-Indonesian; she’s married to a Chinese person from Canada. So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations. (Laughter.)
奥巴马总统：这一点提得非常好。美国的优势之一就是我们有一种非常多元化的文化。我们那里有来自世界各地的人。因此，对于美国人长什么样不能一言以蔽之。以我自己的家庭为例，我父亲来自肯尼亚，我母亲来自美国中西部的堪萨斯州，我妹妹有一半的印度尼西亚血统，她又嫁给了一位华裔加拿大人。因此，我们奥巴马全家的聚会就像联合国一样。（笑声）
And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.
而这就是美国的力量所在，因为它意味着我们从不同的文化、不同的饮食和不同的想法中学到东西，这使我们的社会变得更加生机勃勃。
Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions. And I think it’s very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else. And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.
与此同时，每个国家在相互连通的世界中都拥有自己的文化、自己的历史和自己的传统。因此，我认为对于美国来讲重要的一点是，不能自认为对我们有利的东西也一定会给其他人带来好处。我们在对待其他国家时态度应当谦虚。
I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture. So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights — that if children are being exploited, if there’s forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past. That’s a universal value.
但我必须说明，正如我在开场白中所说的那样，我们确实认为一些基本原则是人所共有的，不论文化背景如何。例如，在联合国，我们非常积极地努力确保世界各地的儿童都享有某些基本权利——如果儿童受到剥削，如果他们被强迫做童工，尽管以前在包括美国在内的许多国家都可能发生过这样的事情，但是世界上所有的国家现在都应当发展到能以比过去更好的方式对待儿童的程度。这是一种普世价值观。
I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women. I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well. I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of thebest indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women. And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don’t.
我相信在对待妇女的态度上也是如此。我在来这里之前同上海市长共进午餐并进行了很有意思的讨论，他告诉我现在中国高等院校中有很多专业的在校女生实际上比男生多，而且她们的学习非常好。我认为这是一个极好的进步指标，因为纵观世界各地的发展就会看到，一个国家的发展是否成功的最重要指标之一，就是该国女童受教育的情况以及妇女享有的待遇。而那些能够发挥妇女的聪明才智和能量，并能为她们提供良好教育的国家，通常比那些没有这么做的国家有更好的经济发展。
So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world. And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out.
当然，不同的文化对男性和女性之间的关系可能会有不同的态度，不过我认为美国的观点是，我们必须申明全世界妇女的权利。如果我们看到女性在一些社会中受到压迫，得不到机会，或遭受暴力，我们将大声疾呼。
Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that. But we think it’s important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values. And we — and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make. If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society. And so we don’t claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it’s important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.
有些人可能不同意我们的观点，我们可以就此展开对话。但我们认为有必要恪守我们的理念和价值观。当然，我们在这样做的时候必须谦逊，必须认识到我们自己并非十全十美，在很多问题上还有待取得进展。如果你们问一问美国妇女，她们会告诉你，有一些男性对妇女在社会中的地位还抱着老观念不放。因此，我们不能说我们解决了全部问题，但我们认为必须为这些普世理念和这些普世价值观大声疾呼。
Okay? All right. We’re going to take a question from the Internet.
好吧。下面要回答一个通过互联网提出的问题。
Q Hello, Mr. President. It’s a great honor to be here and meet you in person.
问：您好，总统先生。我非常荣幸能来到这里见到您本人。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.
奥巴马总统：谢谢你。
[现场提问]
问：我将读一个从网上选出的对您的提问，这个问题是一个台湾人提出的。他在提问时说：我来自台湾，现在在大陆做生意。由于两岸关系近年来不断改善，我现在在大陆的生意做得很好。因此，当我听到美国有人要提议——继续向台湾出售武器的消息时，我开始感到非常担心。我担心这会破坏海峡两岸的关系。因此，总统先生，我想知道您是否支持改善两岸关系。当然，这个问题虽然是一位商人提出的，但所有年轻的中国学生其实都非常关心这个问题，所以我们特别希望了解您在这个问题上的立场。谢谢。（掌声）
Q I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan. In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan. Now I am doing business on the mainland. And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well. So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose — continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried. I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer. So I would like to know if, Mr. President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it’s a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we’d really like to know your position on this question. Thank you. (Applause.)
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People’s Republic of China. We don’t want to change that policy and that approach.
奥巴马总统：谢谢你。我一贯明确表示，本届政府完全支持一个中国的政策，即几十年前发布的三个联合公报所阐明的我们与中华人民共和国的关系以及我们与台湾的关系。我们不想改变这项政策和这项方针。
I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of — and the People’s Republic in resolving many of these issues.
我非常高兴地看到紧张局势的缓解和海峡两岸关系的改善，而且我非常盼望和希望我们能继续看到台湾和中国其他地区在解决很多这类问题时显著改善关系。
One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved. We always think that’s the better course. And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born.
我认为，美国在对外政策中，也包括在对中国的政策中，一直寻求的是通过对话和谈判解决问题的途径。我们一贯认为这是最好的途径。而且我认为，这个地区正在建立的经济和商贸联系有助于缓解很多在你们出生前，甚至在我出生前就已形成的紧张关系。
Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future. I prefer to look towards the future. And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place — there’s something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology. And I think that that’s starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process. Okay?
但有些人在考虑这些问题时仍然向后看，而不是展望未来。我更愿意展望未来。就像我刚才说的，我认为正在建立的商贸关系——当人们认为他们能够做生意赚钱时，有些因素会使他们的想法变得非常清楚，而不致过分担心意识形态的问题。我认为这个地区已经开始出现这种变化，而且我们非常支持这一进程。
Let’s see, it’s a girl’s turn now, right? Yes, right there. Yes. Hold on, let’s get — whoops, I’m sorry, they took the mic back here. I’ll call on you next.
好吧，该轮到女生了，是吧？就是这一位。等一下，让我们——哎呦，对不起，他们把话筒拿回到这边了。下一个问题我再请你提。
Go ahead, and then I’ll go up here later. Go ahead.
请讲，我一会儿到这边来。请讲。
Q Thank you.
问：谢谢您。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I’ll call on you later. But I’ll on her first and then I’ll call on you afterwards.
奥巴马总统：我过一会儿再请你提问。我要先叫她，然后再叫你。
Go ahead.
请讲。
[现场提问]
问：好的，谢谢您。总统先生，我是上海交通大学的学生。我想请问一个关于诺贝尔和平奖的问题。依您之见，您获得诺贝尔和平奖的主要原因是什么？它会给您更多责任和压力来促进世界和平吗？它会对您处理国际事务的想法产生影响吗？非常感谢。
Q Okay, thank you. Mr. President, I’m a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace. In your opinion, what’s the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to — more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you — will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. That was an excellent question. I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace. Obviously it’s a great honor. I don’t believe necessarily that it’s an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize. All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America’s approach to the world. And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote.
奥巴马总统：谢谢。这个问题提得很好。我必须说，没有人比我对赢得诺贝尔和平奖更感到吃惊。这当然是一项殊荣。基于过去获奖者的辉煌历史，我不认为我的获奖是完全实至名归的。但是，我只能谦卑地接受这一事实，也就是，使委员会受到感动的是美国民众以及那种不仅让美国发生改变、而且让美国对世界的方针发生改变的可能性。因此我想，以某种方式说，虽然他们颁给我这个奖，但我更只是一个象征，代表了我们在处理国际事务方面改变做法的努力。
In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President. And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I’m working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.) And so you — there’s a saying — I don’t know if there’s a similar saying in China — we have a saying: “You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it.” And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it.
至于我所感受的重担，我能担任总统一职着实为莫大的荣幸。每当我抱怨工作太繁重时，我的妻子总是提醒我：“你可是自愿要做这份工作的。”（笑声）我不知道中国是否有类似的谚语，但是我们美国人会说：“你铺了床，就得在上面睡觉。”大意是，你在许愿时要当心，因为你可能真的会如愿。
I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world. It’s not always easy to do. There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are — date back for centuries. If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years. In many parts of the world — let’s say, in the continent of Africa — there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.
我们大家都有促进世界和平的义务。这并非总是易事。世界上依然存在很多几世纪以来尚未解决的冲突。看看中东，有些战争和冲突是基于千年之前的争论。在全球的很多地方，例如非洲，还有一些难以解决的民族和部落冲突。
And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people. And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence.
显然，目前我身为美国总统，职责之一是担任三军统帅，而我的首要任务是保护美国人民。由于“9.11”袭击和世界各地的恐怖袭击造成无辜人民的伤亡，我的责任就是确保我们根除这些恐怖组织，并且和其他国家合作解决这类暴力问题。
Nevertheless, although I don’t think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples — through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures.
然而，尽管我不认为我们可以完全消除国家或民族之间的暴力，我还是认为我们肯定可以减少民族之间的暴力——通过对话、交换意见、以及增进民族和文化之间的理解。
And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace. Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage. And that’s why I’m hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.
特别是在今天，只要一个人引爆一颗炸弹就能造成大规模的破坏，因此我们比以往任何时候都要更加努力推进促进和平的策略。技术可以是为人类造福的强大工具，但是也能让少数人有机可乘，造成极大的损害。所以我衷心希望在我和胡主席会面时以及双方的持续交往中，美中两国能够携手合作，设法减少正在发生的种种冲突。
We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we’re such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do; that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us. That’s a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations. And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world. (Applause.)
然而，我们要在这样做，在我们动用军队的时候，还需想到，因为我们是如此强有力的大国，因此必须时刻反省我们的作为，检视我们的动机和自身的利益，确保我们不会仅仅因为没有人能够阻止我们就使用武装力量。大国强国的责任之一就是，在国际社会中以负责任的态度行事。我希望美中两国能够协力创建一个减少全球冲突的国际规范。（掌声）
Okay. All right? Jon — I’m going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy. This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S. press corps so that —
好。怎么样？Jon——我将让我的大使提问，我想他有一个通过使馆网站提的问题。这是个挑选出来的问题，我想是由是我们美国记者团成员挑选的， 所以….
AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That’s right. And not surprisingly, “in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?” And second, “should we be able to use Twitter freely” — is the question.
洪博培大使：对。而且毫不奇怪：“在一个有3亿5千万网民，6千万博客的国家，你听说没听说过防火墙？” 第二，“我们该不该能够自由使用Twitter（叽喳网）？”——就是这个问题。
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter. I noticed that young people — they’re very busy with all these electronics. My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone. But I am a big believer in technology and I’m a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information. I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable. They can begin to think for themselves. That generates new ideas. It encourages creativity.
奥巴马总统：首先，我要说，我从没用过Twitter。我注意到，年轻人他们都忙着这些电子东西。我的指头在电话上打字有些不灵。但是，我对技术深信不疑，我深信信息交流的开放性。我以为，信息交流得越自由，社会就越强大，因为这样世界各国的公民可以向自己的政府问责。他们会开始独立思考，从而产生新思想，鼓励创造性。
And so I’ve always been a strong supporter of open Internet use. I’m a big supporter of non-censorship. This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions. I can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet –or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged.
所以，我从来都是一个互联网公开使用的支持者。我大力支持信息不受管制。这也是我刚才所说的美国传统的一部分，我认识到不同的国家有不同的传统。我可以告诉你们，在美国，我们具有的自由的互联网——或者说上网无限制，是我们力量的一个来源，我觉得应该得到鼓励。
Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn’t flow so freely because then I wouldn’t have to listen to people criticizing me all the time. I think people naturally are — when they’re in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that’s irresponsible, or — but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don’t want to hear. It forces me to examine what I’m doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States.
我应该告诉你们，我应该坦诚地说，作为美国总统，有时候我倒希望信息传播得没有这么自由，因为这样我就不会老是听到别人批评我。我觉得人很自然地——当他们在有权有势的时候就会想，那个人怎么能那样说我，或者，那是不负责任的，等等。然而事实是，由于在美国信息是自由交流的，在美国有许多人批评我，说我什么的都有，我其实认为这让我们的民主体制更强大，也让我成为一个更好的领导人，因为这种做法迫使我倾听那些我不想听的意见，迫使我审视我每天的所作所为，看一看我是否为美国人民尽了全力。
And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation. In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet. Initially, nobody thought we could win because we didn’t have necessarily the most wealthy supporters; we didn’t have the most powerful political brokers. But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies. And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well.
我认为互联网成了这种公民参与的更强大的工具。其实，我能当选总统的原因之一，就是因为通过互联网我们能够调动起像你们这样的年轻人的参与。开始的时候，谁也不认为我们能赢，因为我们并没有所必须的财力最大的人的支持，也没有最有势力的政治掮客。但通过互联网，人们对我们的竞选活动产生了激情，他们开始组织起来，聚会，安排竞选活动、事项和集会，最后成了真正的自下而上的运动，使我们能够干得出色。
Now, that’s not just true in — for government and politics. It’s also true for business. You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was — less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you. It was a science project. And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world. So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn’t exist.
而这并不仅是政府和政治事务的情形，商务也是如此。大家想想，像谷歌（Google）这样一个公司，仅在20年前——不到20年前，来自两位不比你们大多少的人的设想。当时它是一个科技项目。但突然间，因为互联网的缘故，他们能够创立起一个给世界各地商务带来变革的新产业。所以说，若不是有了互联网的自由和开放，就不会有谷歌。
So I’m a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter. The more open we are, the more we can communicate. And it also helps to draw the world together.
因此，我大力支持不对互联网使用、互联网上网、以及Twitter等信息技术实行限制。我们越开放，就越能够沟通，这也将有助于让世界走到一起。
Think about — when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha — one is 11, one is 8 — from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai. They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about. And that’s just an enormous power that they have. And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about.
想一想——在我想到我的女儿玛莉娅（Malia）和萨夏(Sasha)的时候，她俩一个11岁，一个8岁，她们可以从自己的房间里上网，游历到上海。她们可以到世界任何一个地方，可以学习了解任何她们想了解的事情。她们拥有的是一种多么大的力量。我认为，这有助于推进我们刚才谈到的那种理解。
Now, as I said before, there’s always a downside to technology. It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before. Extremists can mobilize. And so there’s some price that you pay for openness, there’s no denying that. But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it’s better to maintain that openness. And that’s part of why I’m so glad that the Internet was part of this forum. Okay?
如我刚才所说，技术总有不利的一面。它也意味着恐怖分子能够以过去也许不可能的方式在网上组织起来。极端分子可以进行调动。所以，开放是有一些代价的，这不可否定认。但是，我认为，好处如此远远超过坏处，还是保持开放为好。这是我对这个论坛有互联网的部分感到高兴的原因。
I’m going to take two more questions. And the next one is from a gentleman, I think. Right here, yes. Here’s the microphone.
我再回答两个问题，下一个问题来自一位男士，我想是。对，就在这里。给你麦克风。
[现场提问]
问：首先，我想说，我非常荣幸能站在这里向您提问，我觉得我的运气太好了，您的讲话如此清楚，我都用不着这样一个耳机。（笑声）
Q First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions. I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset. (Laughter.)
我的问题是这样的。我的姓名是（听不清），我是复旦大学管理学院的学生，我想问您这个问题——有人已经问过您有关诺贝尔和平奖的某个方面的事情，我不想再问同一方面的问题，我想要问：赢得这样崇高的荣誉是非常不容易的——我想要知道，我们都想知道，您是如何争取到的？您得到的是什么样的大学教育，帮助您获得了如此殊荣？ 我们都很好奇，我们想请您分享您的大学教育经历，以便走上成功之路。
And here comes my question. My name is (inaudible) from Fudan University School of Management. And I would like to ask you the question — is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect. I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that — how you struggled to get it. And what’s your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don’t know if there’s a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize. (Laughter.) So I can’t guarantee that. But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following. Obviously all of you are working very hard, you’re studying very hard. You’re curious. You’re willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself. You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom.
奥巴马总统：首先，我要告诉你，我并不知道有一个能指引你赢得诺贝尔和平奖的教学大纲或者课程。（笑声）所以我不能给你保证。但是我想，获得成功的诀窍其实就是你现在已经在实践的。毫无疑问，你们都十分努力，你们在努力学习，你们有好奇心，你们愿意思考新的思想，并且自己作思考。你们知道，我现在所碰到的最激励我的成功者，是那些不仅愿意十分努力地工作，而且总是在提高自己的人，他们不断探索新思路，而不是仅仅墨守成规。
Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service; some of you might want to be teachers or professors; some of you might want to be businesspeople. But I think that whatever field you go into, if you’re constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions — “Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it’s in science or technology or in the arts? — those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest.
当然，通向成功的道路各不相同，你们中的一些人将进入政府机构；有些可能想成为教师或教授；也有些人可能想进入商贸界。但是我想，无论你进入哪个领域，如果你能持续不断地提高自己，不尽全力决不满足，而且不断提出新问题——“我是否还能用不同的方式来做？” 无论是在科学技术还是艺术领域，“是否还有没人想到过的新的解决问题的途径？”——我想这样一些人通常能够超群出众。
The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they’re not just thinking only about themselves but they’re also thinking about something larger than themselves. So they want to make a contribution to society. They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city. They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives.
我还有最后一点建议，这个建议曾经使我受益匪浅，那就是我最敬仰的那些成功人士们，他们不是仅为自己着想，而是还考虑超越个人范围的事情。他们希望为社会作出贡献。他们希望为自己的国家、自己的民族、自己的城市作出贡献。他们希望能够产生超出自己个人生活以外的影响力。
I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and — all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition. They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don’t have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world. And I’m sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you’ve been working.
我想，我们许多人都会忙于给自己挣钱，买一辆好车，买一座舒适的房子——所有这些都重要，但是那些真正对世界产生永久性影响的人是因为他们有远大的理想。他们问自己：我如何帮助更多的人免遭饥饿？我如何帮助没上过学的儿童接受教育？我如何帮助以和平方式化解冲突？我认为只有这样的人才能最终对世界产生重大影响。我相信，只要像你们这样的年轻人继续努力下去，就能够产生这样的影响。
All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately. We’ve run out of time so quickly. Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here.
还有问题吗？好，这是最后一个问题。很遗憾，时间过得真快，最后回答一个网友的提问，因为我希望确保我们这三位出色的学生都有机会提问。
问：总统先生，很荣幸能提最后一个问题。我是复旦大学的学生，今天我也是中国青年[听不清]的代表。我想这是一个来自北京的问题：非常关注您的阿富汗政策。他想知道，恐怖主义是否仍然是美国最大的安全威胁？您如何评估在阿富汗的军事行动？它是否会演变成另一场伊拉克战争？非常感谢您。
Q Mr. President, it’s a great honor for the last question. And I’m a college student from Fudan University, and today I’m also the representative of China’s Youth (inaudible.) And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that’s an excellent question. Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States’ security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda. And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians. And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands — a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon — and they used it in a city, whether it’s in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands. So it really does pose an extraordinary threat.
奥巴马总统：我认为这是一个非常好的问题。首先，我继续认为美国安全面临的最大威胁是像“基地”组织那样的恐怖主义网络。原因是，虽然他们人数很少，但他们已经表明他们毫无人性，不惜滥杀无辜民众。由于今天的技术，如果一个这样的组织得到大规模毁灭性武器——例如核武器、化学武器或生物武器——并且在一个城市使用，无论是在上海还是纽约，少数几个人就可能杀害数万人甚至数十万人。因此，这的确构成极大的威胁。
Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban. They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region. And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks.
我们最初进入阿富汗的原因是因为“基地”组织在那里，塔利班接纳了他们。现在他们已经越过阿富汗边界进入巴基斯坦，但他们在该地区保持了与其他极端主义组织建立的网络。我确信，我们有必要在阿富汗实现稳定，使阿富汗人民能够保护自己，同时作为伙伴来帮助削弱这些极端主义网络的力量。
Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing — one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield. I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home. And it is a great weight on me. It gives me a heavy heart.
显然这是非常困难的事情——在我的工作中，最难做的决定之一就是命令年轻人奔赴战场。我经常要会见那些阵亡官兵的父母亲，那些军人不能再回家。这于我是一个精神重负，我为此感到沉痛。
Fortunately, our Armed Services is — the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go. And I think that it is possible — working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia — to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there’s no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left.
幸运的是，我们的武装部队——这些从军的年轻人——他们坚信为国奉献，自愿去前线。我相信，通过更广泛的联盟，包括我们的北约盟国和其他贡献力量的盟友——如澳大利亚——我们有可能帮助训练阿富汗人，使他们有一个能够发挥作用的政府，拥有自己的安全部队，然后我们可以逐步撤回我们的部队，因为到那时已经不存在塔利班下台后所形成的真空。
But it’s a difficult task. It’s not easy. And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it’s important to understand it’s not just a military exercise. We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers. And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what’s happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option.
但这是一项艰巨的任务，并不容易。我认为，要最终击败这些恐怖主义极端分子，我们必须理解这不仅仅是一项军事行动。我们还要知道是什么驱使年轻人变成恐怖分子，他们为什么愿意充当自杀爆炸手。显然，这有很多不同的原因，其中包括对宗教的歪曲，使人们误认为这种暴力行为是正当的。巴基斯坦和阿富汗等地之所以发生那些事件，原因之一是那些年轻人没有受过教育，也没有进取机会，所以他们在生活中看不到出路，这使得他们以为那样做是惟一的选择。
And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope. That won’t change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from. And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take. Okay?
因此，我们在阿富汗要做的事情之一是寻找途径来培训教师，建立学校，改善农业，给人民以更大的希望。这样做不会改变乌萨马·本·拉登（Osama bin Laden）之流的想法，他们的意识形态是根深蒂固的，就是要打击西方。但这样做会改变那些他们想要招募的年轻人，这很重要。从长远来看，这至少和我们所能采取的任何军事行动同等重要，甚至更为重要。好吗？
All right, I have had a wonderful time. I am so grateful to all of you. First of all, let me say I’m very impressed with all of your English. Clearly you’ve been studying very hard. And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations.
好。我感到非常愉快。非常感谢各位。首先我想说我非常钦佩你们每一个人的英语水平，显然你们很用功。有机会和大家见面使我感到美中关系的未来充满希望。
I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States. You will be welcome. I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China. And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world.
我希望你们很多人有机会来美国旅行和访问。你们会受到欢迎。我相信你们会发现美国人民对中国人民是很热情的。我深信，有了你们这些年轻人和我所知道的美国年轻人，我们两个伟大的国家将继续繁荣昌盛，并帮助创造一个更加和平、安全的世界。
So thank you very much everybody. Thank you. (Applause.)
因此，非常感谢各位。谢谢你们。（掌声）
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