教你怎样在演讲台上挥洒自如
演讲的四个目标
- 提供信息
To offer information;
- 使听众感到乐趣
To entertain the audience;
- 动之以情
To touch emotions;
- 使听众行动起来
To move to action;
演讲切忌
1. 语速太快; Talking too rapidly;
2. 声音单调； Speaking in monotone;
3. 声音尖细； Using too high a vocal pitch;
4. 谈得太多，说得太少；
Talking and not saying much;
5. 感情不充分；
Presenting without enough emotion or passion;
6. 对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;
Talking down to the audience;
7. 夸张的词语使用得太多；
Using too many “big” words;
8. 使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；
Using abstractions without giving concrete examples
9. 使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；
Using unfamiliar technical jargon;
10. 使用俚语或粗俗语；
Using slang or profanity;
11. 演讲无组织，散乱无序；
Disorganized and rambling performance;
12. 说话绕弯子，不切中主题
Indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush；
怎样与听众交流
- 要有值得交流的观点；
A message worth communicating;
- 引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任；
Gain the listeners’ attention: capture their interest and build their trust;
- 重视理解；
Emphasize understanding;
- 获得反馈；
Obtain their feedback;
- 注意声调，要有感情；
Watch your emotional tone;
- 说服听众；
Persuade the audience;
怎样变得自信
- 微笑并看着观众
Smile and glance at the audience；
- 开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态
Start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;
- 开场白说一些真诚话
Open your speech by saying something very frankly;
- 穿上自己最好的衣服
Wear your very best clothes;
- 对自己说一些积极的话
Say something positive to / about yourself
怎样组织演讲
- 要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；
To have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;
- 将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据
To label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;
如何开头
- 讲个（自己的）故事
To tell a story (about yourself).
- 对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢
To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering.
- 称赞一下听众
To pay the listeners a compliment.
- 引用名人名言
To quote
- 使用一些不平常的数据
To use unusual statistics.
- 问观众一个挑战性的问题
To ask the audience a challenging question；
- 播放录像带或看幻灯片
To show a video or a slide.
如何结尾
- 重复你的开头
To repeat your opening.
- 概括你的演讲
To summarize your presentation.
- 以趣事结尾
To close with an anecdote.
- 以号召行动结尾
To end with a call to action.
- 以反问结尾
To ask a rhetorical question.
- 以一个陈述句结尾
To make a statement.
- 展示演讲大纲
To show an outline of your presentation.
眼神交流
- 眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；
Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;
- 眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴
Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;
- 找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；
Look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;
- 如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。
Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.
紧张的典型特征
- 手放在口袋里
Hands in pockets
- 眨眼次数过多
Increased blinking of the eyes ；
- 害怕眼神的接触
Failure to make eye contact；
- 舔嘴唇和抿嘴唇
Licking and biting of the lips ；
- 敲叩手指
Finger tapping ；
- 手势又急又快
Fast, jerky gestures
如何使用手势
- 手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人；
Point at imaginary objects and don’t point at others with your index finger;
- 尺寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示
Size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands;
- 手抬起并与头成四十五度角，优雅地用手势表示出数字
Gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head;
- 如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小，将两手伸向前方，尽量分开，并上下移动。
To emphasize physical size such as length, width, hold your hands out in front you widely apart to move them up and down.
来源：Internet