TED演讲:如何成为生化人并扩展人类潜能(6)
The answer was Team Cyborg, a team of surgeons, scientists and engineers
答案就来自于“生化人团队”，一个由外科医生、科学家和工程师组成的团队，
assembled at MIT to rebuild Jim back to his former climbing prowess.
聚集在麻省理工学院帮助吉姆恢复他以前的攀登能力。
Team member Dr. Matthew Carty amputated Jim’s badly damaged leg at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston,
小组成员马修·卡蒂博士在波士顿的布莱根妇女医院切除了吉姆严重受损的腿，
using the AMI surgical procedure.
完全按照AMI手术步骤进行手术。
Tendon pulleys were created and attached to Jim’s tibia bone to reconnect the opposing muscles.
他把创建的肌腱滑轮连接到吉姆的胫骨上，以重新连接拮抗肌。
The AMI procedure reestablished the neural link between Jim’s ankle-foot muscles and his brain.
AMI过程重新建立了吉姆脚踝脚肌肉和他的大脑之间的神经联系。
When Jim moves his phantom limb, the reconnected muscles move in dynamic pairs,
当吉姆移动幻肢时，重新连接的肌肉也动态成对移动，
causing signals of proprioception to pass through nerves to the brain,
把本体信号通过神经传送到大脑，
so Jim experiences normal sensations with ankle-foot positions and movements, even when blindfolded.
因此，吉姆能体验到脚踝-脚的位置和运动的正常感觉，即使蒙上眼睛。
Here’s Jim at the MIT laboratory after his surgeries.
这是在麻省理工实验室中手术后的吉姆。
We electrically linked Jim’s AMI muscles, via the electrodes, to a bionic limb,
我们通过电极将吉姆的AMI肌肉连接到仿生肢体上，
and Jim quickly learned how to move the bionic limb in four distinct ankle-foot movement directions.
吉姆很快就学会了如何移动仿生肢体，四个不同方向的脚踝-脚均可移动。
We were excited by these results, but then Jim stood up, and what occurred was truly remarkable.
大家都对此兴奋不已，而当吉姆站起来时，接下来发生的一切则令人惊叹：
All the natural biomechanics mediated by the central nervous system emerged via the synthetic limb as an involuntary, reflexive action.
所有由中枢神经系统调节的假体生理发展经由合成肢体以一种无意识的反射行为融合在一起。
All the intricacies of foot placement during stair ascent — emerged before our eyes.
上楼时脚步错综复杂的位置–呈现在我们眼前。
Here’s Jim descending steps, reaching with his bionic toe to the next stair tread,
这是吉姆走下台阶，正伸出仿生脚趾到下一个台阶，
automatically exhibiting natural motions without him even trying to move his limb.
自动地展现自然的动作，甚至不用有意识地试着移动肢体。
Because Jim’s central nervous system is receiving the proprioceptive signals,
因为吉姆的中枢神经系统能接收本体感知信号，
it knows exactly how to control the synthetic limb in a natural way.
所以，它确切知道如何自然地控制合成肢体。
仿生学设计师休·赫尔说，人类将很快拥有新的身体，这将永远模糊自然界和人造世界之间的界限。在一次令人难忘的演讲中，他详细介绍了“神经胚胎设计”，这是他在麻省理工学院媒体实验室开发的一种创造机器人功能的方法，他向我们展示了一个未来，我们将以一种重新定义人类潜能的方式增强我们的身体-也许，我们会把我们变成超级英雄。“在本世纪的暮年里，我相信人类在形态和动态上将无法从今天的我们认识到，”赫尔说。“人类将飞翔并翱翔。”