TED演讲之伟大预言 马丁·里斯:这是我们最后的世纪吗?(5)
In fact, some years ago, Bill Joy wrote an article expressing tremendous concern about robots taking us over, etc.
事实上在几年前，比尔乔伊在一篇文章中表达了对机器人将取代我们的极大关注，等等。
I don’t go along with all that, but it’s interesting that he had a simple solution.
我并不完全同意他的观点，但让人感兴趣的是他给出了一个简单的解决方案。
It was what he called “fine-grained relinquishment.” He wanted to give up the dangerous kind of science and keep the good bits.
他称之为精选的放弃。他想要做的是有选择地保留那些好的科技，而放弃那些可能导致危险的。
Now, that’s absurdly naive for two reasons. First, any scientific discovery has benign consequences as well as dangerous ones.
然而，两个理由可以说明这是很幼稚的。第一，任何科学发现都有其有益的后果，也有其危险的一面。
And also, when a scientist makes a discovery, he or she normally has no clue what the applications are going to be.
其二，当一个科学家做出一项发现时，他/她通常并不知道会产生哪些应用。
And so what this means is that we have to accept the risks if we are going to enjoy the benefits of science.
所以这意味着我们不得不承担风险，如果我们希冀于享受科技带来的利益。
We have to accept that there will be hazards. And I think we have to go back to what happened in the post-War era, post-World War II,
我们不得不接受科技可能带来危害。在这里让我们回顾一下战后发生的事情，在二战后，
when the nuclear scientists who’d been involved in making the atomic bomb, in many cases were concerned that they should do all they could to alert the world to the dangers.
当那些参与研制原子弹的科学家们一直关切地认为他们应该尽其所能地警告世界核武器的危险性。
And they were inspired not by the young Einstein, who did the great work in relativity,
他们所受的启发并非来自于年轻时的爱因斯坦 – 即发明相对论时的他 –
but by the old Einstein, the icon of poster and t-shirt, who failed in his scientific efforts to unify the physical laws.
而是老年时的爱因斯坦，他的招牌式海报和T恤衫，老年的他未能实现统一物理定律的愿望。
He was premature. But he was a moral compass — an inspiration to scientists who were concerned with arms control.
他的理论尚未成熟。但是他却是一个道德楷模 – 激励着那些关心进行军备控制的科学家们。
And perhaps the greatest living person is someone I’m privileged to know, Joe Rothblatt.
我有幸认识也许是尚在世的最伟大的人之一 – 乔洛特布拉德。
Equally untidy office there, as you can see. He’s 96 years old, and he founded the Pugwash movement.
正如你看到的那样，他的办公室也很凌乱。他已经96岁了，正是他发起了帕格沃什运动。
He persuaded Einstein, as his last act, to sign the famous memorandum of Bertrand Russell.
他成功地劝说爱因斯坦最终在著名的伯特兰·罗素备忘录上签字。
And he sets an example of the concerned scientist. And I think to harness science optimally, to choose which doors to open and which to leave closed,
他也为有责任心的科学家们树立了楷模。我认为如果想最好地驾驭科学，也就是说选择开启哪些门而不去碰哪些门，
we need latter-day counterparts of people like Joseph Rothblatt.
我们需要当代的像乔帕格沃什这样的科学家。
演讲简介：
作为一个天文学家，同时作为人类社会中忧心忡忡的一员，马丁·里斯爵士从宇宙全景的视角考察我们的星球和其未来。他敦促要采取行动以避免科技发展过程中可能出现的毁灭性后果。