TED演讲之神奇奥秘 奥利弗·萨克斯:幻觉背后的心智(1)
We see with the eyes, but we see with the brain as well. And seeing with the brain is often called imagination.
我们用眼睛看世界，但我们也用大脑看。用大脑来看，也就是我们常说的想象。
And we are familiar with the landscapes of our own imagination, our inscapes. We've lived with them all our lives.
我们很熟悉自己想象的模式，也就是内心世界，它伴随我们一生。
But there are also hallucinations as well, and hallucinations are completely different.
然而想象之外还有幻觉，幻觉跟想象截然不同。
They don't seem to be of our creation. They don't seem to be under our control. They seem to come from the outside, and to mimic perception.
它似乎不是我们所创造的，好像也不受我们的控制，它似乎源自外界，又伪装成我们自己的感知。
So I am going to be talking about hallucinations, and a particular sort of visual hallucination which I see among my patients.
所以我将就幻觉做一些解释，也会提到我在病人身上观察到的一种特殊的视觉幻觉。
A few months ago, I got a phone call from a nursing home where I work.
几个月前我接到从我工作的养老院打来的一个电话。
They told me that one of their residents, an old lady in her 90s, was seeing things,
他们告诉我住客中有一位90多的老太太“看到了一些东西”。
and they wondered if she'd gone bonkers or, because she was an old lady, whether she'd had a stroke, or whether she had Alzheimer's.
他们怀疑她是不是疯了，或者因为年纪大得了中风，或是老年痴呆症。
And so they asked me if I would come and see Rosalie, the old lady. I went in to see her.
所以他们请我去看看罗萨莉，也就是那个老太太。
It was evident straight away that she was perfectly sane and lucid and of good intelligence,
我去了后，马上就发现她不仅完全神志正常，还非常清醒、明智。
but she'd been very startled and very bewildered, because she'd been seeing things.
就是有点吓坏了，还有点奇怪，为什么她会出现幻视。
And she told me — the nurses hadn't mentioned this — that she was blind, that she had been completely blind from macular degeneration for five years.
她还说，护士忘了告诉我，她眼睛是看不见的，她五年前就因为视网膜黄斑退化而完全失明了。
But now, for the last few days, she'd been seeing things.
近几天却看到了幻象。
So I said, "What sort of things?" And she said, "People in Eastern dress, in drapes, walking up and down stairs.
我问：“什么样的幻象？”她说：“许多人穿着东方服饰，那种长袍式的，在楼梯上上下下。
A man who turns towards me and smiles. But he has huge teeth on one side of his mouth. Animals too.
一个男的转过来对我笑，但他的嘴巴只有一边长着牙，很大的牙，还有很多动物。
I see a white building. It's snowing, a soft snow. I see this horse with a harness, dragging the snow away.
有一栋白色的楼，天在下雪，小雪，我还看到一匹戴着挽具的马不断把雪拖走。
Then, one night, the scene changes. I see cats and dogs walking towards me. They come to a certain point and then stop.
然后有一天晚上，幻象变了，变成好多猫和狗朝我这边走，走着走着就停了。
Then it changes again. I see a lot of children. They are walking up and down stairs. They wear bright colors, rose and blue, like Eastern dress."
然后又变了，这回我看到很多小朋友在楼梯上爬上爬下，他们穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服，有玫瑰色，有蓝色，就像东方服饰。”
演讲简介：
奥利弗·萨克斯是一位神经学家和作家。他将带我们认识邦纳症候群，也就是视力受损的人产生鲜明幻觉。他用温馨的细节描述了病人的经历，并以这样的叙述让我们了解这种鲜少被报道的现象背后的生理原理。
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