TED演讲之神奇奥秘 奥利弗·萨克斯:幻觉背后的心智(6)
So in the Charles Bonnet hallucinations, you have all sorts of levels, from the geometrical hallucinations —
在邦纳式幻觉中，有好几种等级，从几何幻觉，
the pink and blue squares the woman had — up to quite elaborate hallucinations with figures and especially faces.
比如老太太看到的粉色和蓝色的方块，到非常复杂的幻觉，比如各种人像，尤其是面容，
Faces, and sometimes deformed faces, are the single commonest thing in these hallucinations. And one of the second commonest is cartoons.
这些面容，有时是扭曲的面容，是唯一一种在这些幻觉中最常见的幻象，一种第二常见的幻象是卡通。
So, what is going on? Fascinatingly, in the last few years, it's been possible to do functional brain imagery, to do fMRI on people as they are hallucinating.
那么，究竟为什么会产生幻觉呢？很棒的是，近几年我们能够做出脑功能成像。
And in fact, to find that different parts of the visual brain are activated as they are hallucinating.
当我们给正产生幻觉的人做功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)时，我们的确发现大脑视觉部位有不同区域被激活，这时被检测者正在经历幻觉。
When people have these simple geometrical hallucinations, the primary visual cortex is activated.
如果被检测者有的是简单的几何幻觉，被激活的区域则是初级视觉皮质。
This is the part of the brain which perceives edges and patterns. You don't form images with your primary visual cortex.
这是大脑感知边缘和图案的部分，而我们光靠这里是无法形成完整影像的。
When images are formed, a higher part of the visual cortex is involved in the temporal lobe.
影像形成时，一个位于颞叶的较高级视觉皮质会有一定活动。
And in particular, one area of the temporal lobe is called the fusiform gyrus.
尤其是颞叶中叫做梭状回的一个区域，显著地活跃。
And it's known that if people have damage in the fusiform gyrus, they maybe lose the ability to recognize faces.
调查显示，如果梭状回损伤，患者可能因此无法辨认面容。
But if there is an abnormal activity in the fusiform gyrus, they may hallucinate faces, and this is exactly what you find in some of these people.
而当梭状回异常时，患者则可能看到面容的幻象，这正是我们前面提到的几位病人所出现的症状。
There is an area in the anterior part of this gyrus where teeth and eyes are represented, and that part of the gyrus is activated when people get the deformed hallucinations.
梭状回的前部有一个区域负责处理有关牙齿和眼睛的影像，而当病人出现扭曲的幻觉时，正是这一部位出现了活动。
There is another part of the brain which is especially activated when one sees cartoons.
还有一个区域会在病人看到卡通幻象时出现活动。
It's activated when one recognizes cartoons, when one draws cartoons, and when one hallucinates them. It's very interesting that that should be specific.
人们观看卡通，画卡通，或看到卡通幻象时，都是这一部位被激活，这是一个特别有趣的现象。
There are other parts of the brain which are specifically involved with the recognition and hallucination of buildings and landscapes.
大脑还有几个别的部位，相应地跟其他视觉元素的辨别与幻觉有关，比如楼房和风景。
演讲简介：
奥利弗·萨克斯是一位神经学家和作家。他将带我们认识邦纳症候群，也就是视力受损的人产生鲜明幻觉。他用温馨的细节描述了病人的经历，并以这样的叙述让我们了解这种鲜少被报道的现象背后的生理原理。
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