TED演讲之面对灾难:便宜、高效的救灾避难所
So, I'm going to start off with kind of the buzzkill a little bit.
好吧，我的开场可能有点让人扫兴
Forty-two million people were displaced by natural disasters in 2010.
四千两百万人在2010年因灾成为无家可归的人。
Now, there was nothing particularly special about 2010,
不过，2010年可没有什么太大不了的
because, on average, 31 and a half million people are displaced by natural disasters every single year.
因为，平均来说，每年因为各种自然灾害而流离失所的人数达到了三千一百五十万之多。
Now, usually when people hear statistics or stats like that,
通常，人们听到这方面的统计数据的时候，
you start thinking about places like Haiti or other kind of exotic or maybe even impoverished areas,
都会想到海地或者是其他国家或者是贫困地区，
but it happens right here in the United States every single year.
但事实上类似的事情在美国每一年都在发生着。
Last year alone, 99 federally declared disasters were on file with FEMA,
仅去年一年，就有99起官方证实的灾害被联邦应急管理局(FEMA)记录在案，
from Joplin, Missouri, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to the Central Texas wildfires that just happened recently.
发生地点从密苏里州的乔普林、阿拉巴马州的塔斯卡卢萨、到最近刚发生在德克萨斯州中部的森林大火。
Now, how does the most powerful country in the world handle these displaced people?
那么，世界上最强大的国家是怎么安排这些无家可归的人呢？
They cram them onto cots, put all your personal belongings in a plastic garbage bag,
他们把灾民塞在简易床上，所有私人物品都被塞进一个塑料垃圾袋，
stick it underneath,
然后扔在床下面，
and put you on the floor of an entire sports arena, or a gymnasium.
然后大家都挤在一个体育场里，或者体育馆里。
So obviously there's a massive housing gap,
所以临时住房短缺问题很明显，
and this really upset me, because academia tells you after a major disaster,
这让我很失望，因为学术界认为，在一次大灾难过后，
there's typically about an 18-month time frame to — we kinda recover, start the recovery process,
一般需要经过18个月的时间，才会开始重建的进程，
but what most people don't realize is that on average
但是大部分人都没意识到
it takes 45 to 60 days or more for the infamous FEMA trailers to even begin to show up.
一般要经过45到60天甚至更多时间，那些声名狼藉的的联邦应急管理局的拖车才会开始出现。
Before that time, people are left to their own devices.
在那之前，人们只能靠自己。
So I became obsessed with trying to figure out a way to actually fill this gap.
所以我开始很专注于找到一个方法来填补这个空缺。
This actually became my creative obsession.
这项创造性的事业使我十分痴迷。
I put aside all my freelance work after hours and started just focusing particularly on this problem.
几个小时后，我就把我所有的手头兼职工作抛到一边，开始全身心投入到这项工作中。
So I started sketching.
画草图是第一项工作。
Two days after Katrina, I started sketching and sketching
卡特里娜飓风过后两天，我开始一遍遍的画草图
and trying to brainstorm up ideas or solutions for this,
尽己所能想方设法的来找到一个可行的方案，
and as things started to congeal or ideas started to form,
当我的构思最终成形后，
I started sketching digitally on the computer,
我开始用电脑上进行设计，
but it was an obsession, so I couldn't just stop there.
当然这终究还是图纸，所以我不能就此停下。
I started experimenting, making models, talking to experts in the field, taking their feedback,
之后我开始做实验，做一些模型，展示给这个领域的专家们，倾听他们的反馈，
and refining, and I kept on refining and refining for nights and weekends for over five years.
并进行改进，我一遍一遍的改进，这个过程持续了五年多。
Now, my obsession ended up driving me to create full-size prototypes in my own backyard
最终，这个使我着迷的计划有了一个结果，那就是在我家后院的全尺寸原型产品
and actually spending my own personal savings on everything from tooling to patents and a variety of other costs,
它们花光了我所有的积蓄，包括购买工具到付专利使用费以及其他各种各样的费用，
but in the end I ended up with this modular housing system that can react to any situation or disaster.
不过最后我还是成功做出了这个模块化房屋系统，它可以应付各种情况和灾难。
It can be put up in any environment,
它可以被安放在任何环境中，
from an asphalt parking lot to pastures or fields,
从沥青停车场到牧场或农田，
because it doesn't require any special setup or specialty tools.
因为它不需要任何特殊的基础建设或是特殊的工具。
Now, at the foundation and kind of the core of this whole system is the Exo Housing Unit,
这套系统的基础和核心是外挂式房屋模块，
which is just the individual shelter module.
那是一种独立的避难所模块。
And though it's light, light enough that you can actually lift it by hand and move it around,
它非常轻，轻到你用手就可以轻易的举起来并且来回挪动，
and it actually sleeps four people.
这屋子能睡4个人。
And you can arrange these things as kind of more for encampments and more of a city grid type layout,
你可以随意摆放它们，例如像露营一样，或按照城市街区来规划摆放，
or you can circle the wagons, essentially,
或者你可以先把一些售货手推车围成一个圈，
and form these circular pods out of them,
然后把这些房屋围到外面形成帐子，
which give you this semi-private communal area
这样一个半私密性的公共区域
for people to actually spill out into so they're not actually trapped inside these units.
会让住在里面的人们愿意出来走走，而不是一直呆在这些屋子里。
Now this fundamentally changes the way we respond to disasters,
所以这项发明从根本上改变了我们对灾难的反应，
because gone are the horrid conditions
因为之前那种很多人躺在小床上
inside a sports arena or a gymnasium, where people are crammed on these cots inside.
挤在体育场或体育馆里简易床的场景已经一去不复返了。
演讲简介：
Michael McDaniel 为受灾区设计用于救灾的避难所– 价格低廉，便于运输，甚至还有好看的外观—在发现没人愿意去建造这些房舍之后，怀着执着和着迷的心情，他决定自己来做这事。在TEDx奥斯汀大会上，McDaniel 像我们展示了他的应急住房解决机制，以及他是如何利用自己的空余时间和供应商，制造商共事 来为下一次自然灾害未雨绸缪的。
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