TED演讲之2.0版城市:为什么巴士体现了一种民主实践(1)
Mobility in developing world cities
在世界上发展中国家城市里
is a very peculiar challenge,
流动性是一个非常严峻的挑战
because different from health
因为它和健康
or education or housing,
教育或住房不同
it tends to get worse as societies become richer.
当社会变得更富有时，它反而变得更糟
Clearly, a unsustainable model.
显然，是一个不可持续的发展模式
Mobility, as most other developing country problems,
流动性，如同其他大多数，发展中国家所遇到的问题
more than a matter of money or technology,
不仅仅是钱或科技的问题
is a matter of equality, equity.
更是有关平等、公平的问题
The great inequality in developing countries
发展中国家巨大的不平等
makes it difficult to see, for example,
让我们很难看到，例如
that in terms of transport,
在交通方面
an advanced city is not one
一个发达的城市
where even the poor use cars,
不是连穷人都能使用汽车的地方
but rather one where even the rich
而是甚至富有的人
use public transport.
都去使用公共交通工具的地方
Or bicycles: For example, in Amsterdam,
像是自行车：例如，在阿姆斯特丹
more than 30 percent of the population
超过30%的人口
uses bicycles,
使用自行车
despite the fact that the Netherlands has
尽管事实上，荷兰的人均收入
a higher income per capita than the United States.
已高过美国
There is a conflict in developing world cities
发展中国家城市内部也有矛盾
for money, for government investment.
为了钱，为了政府投资
If more money is invested in highways,
如果更多的钱投资在路政上
of course there is less money for housing,
那么投资在房屋
for schools, for hospitals,
学校，医院，各方面的钱就会减少
and also there is a conflict for space.
当然也有为了争夺空间的矛盾
There is a conflict for space between
矛盾出现在
those with cars and those without them.
那些有汽车和那些没有汽车的人之间
Most of us accept today
今天我们大多数人接受
that private property and a market economy
私人财产和市场经济
is the best way to manage most of society's resources.
是管理大部分社会资源的最佳方式
However, there is a problem with that,
然而，随之而来的一个问题是
that market economy needs
市场经济需要通过
inequality of income in order to work.
收入不平等来鼓励人们工作
Some people must make more money,
有些人自然赚到更多的钱
some others less.
有些人赚的就较少一些
Some companies succeed. Others fail.
一些公司获得成功，一些公司倒闭
Then what kind of equality
那么什么样的平等
can we hope for today
是我们今天在市场经济条件下
with a market economy?
所期待的？
I would propose two kinds
我提出两种
which both have much to do with cities.
这两种都与城市有关
The first one is equality of quality of life,
第一种是生活质量的平等
especially for children,
特别是对儿童来说
that all children should have,
所有儿童都应该拥有
beyond the obvious health and education,
除了健康和教育条件外
access to green spaces, to sports facilities,
享受绿地，使用体育设施
to swimming pools, to music lessons.
使用泳池，接触音乐课程
And the second kind of equality
我所说的第二种平等
is one which we could call "democratic equality."
我们称之为“民主权利平等”
The first article in every constitution states
每个国家宪法的第一条规定都是
that all citizens are equal before the law.
所有公民在法律面前一律平等
That is not just poetry.
这不只是诗
It's a very powerful principle.
而是一个强有力的原则
For example, if that is true,
举例来说，如果这是真的
a bus with 80 passengers
载有 80名乘客的巴士
has a right to 80 times more road space
有权获得比单人驾驶的小汽车
than a car with one.
多 80倍的道路空间
We have been so used to inequality, sometimes,
我们已经非常习惯于不平等，有时
that it's before our noses and we do not see it.
它就在面前，我们看不到它
Less than 100 years ago,
几十年前
women could not vote,
女性没有投票权
and it seemed normal,
好像是正常的事
in the same way that it seems normal today
正如今天我们看到
to see a bus in traffic.
一辆公共汽车处在拥挤的道路中
In fact, when I became mayor,
事实上，当我成为市长的时候
applying that democratic principle
运用这一民主原则
that public good prevails over private interest,
即公众利益高于私人利益
that a bus with 100 people
当一辆巴士载有 100人
has a right to 100 times more road space than a car,
就有权获得比一辆小车，多 100倍的道路空间
we implemented a mass transit system
我们实施了一个大运量客运系统
based on buses in exclusive lanes.
基于公交专用车道
We called it TransMilenio, in order to make buses sexier.
我们为它命名“穿越千禧”,为了让巴士更性感
And one thing is that it is also a very beautiful democratic symbol, because as buses zoom by,
还有一个非常漂亮的民主符号是，当巴士飞驰而过
expensive cars stuck in traffic,
而昂贵的豪华轿车被堵在路上
it clearly is almost a picture of democracy at work.
很明显，这就是民主得到实现的画面
In fact, it's not just a matter of equity.
事实上，它不仅仅是公平问题
It doesn't take Ph.D.'s.
不需要博士
A committee of 12-year-old children
一组 12岁的儿童
would find out in 20 minutes
就能在 20分钟内找出
that the most efficient way to use scarce road space
使用有限道路空间的最有效方法
is with exclusive lanes for buses.
是设立公交车专用车道
In fact, buses are not sexy,
事实上，公共汽车并不性感
but they are the only possible means
但它们是唯一可能
to bring mass transit to all areas
在快速发展的发展型城市
of fast growing developing cities.
提供大量客运的交通工具
演讲简介：
“一个先进的城市，不是穷人也能负担汽车的地方，而是连有钱人也使用公共交通的地方。”恩里克·佩纳罗萨这样说到。在这个鼓舞人心的演说中，波哥大的前市长分享了他用来改变哥伦比亚首都（波哥大市）交通状况的策略。他为建立未来的智慧城市提出了看法和建议。
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