TED演讲之2.0版城市:为何市长应该统治世界(2)
Moreover, today, more than half of the world's population
除此以外，超过世界人口的一半以上
live in cities.
都居住生活在城市。
In the developed world, it's about 78 percent.
在发达国家中，这种比例达到了78%。
More than three out of four people
超过了四分之三的人口
live in urban institutions, urban places,
居住在城市的机构、场所，
in cities today.
城市的各个地方。
So cities are where the action is.
所以，城市，才应该是我们采取行动的所在地。
Cities are us. Aristotle said in the ancient world,
城市就是我们。
man is a political animal.
亚里士多德曾说过，“在古代，人们就是政治性动物。”
I say we are an urban animal.
而我说，我们是城市性动物。
We are an urban species, at home in our cities.
我们是以城市为栖息地的物种。
So to come back to the dilemma,
让我们再回到一开始我们所说到的窘境，
if the dilemma is we have old-fashioned
如果这种窘境是因为我们现在所拥有的古旧的
political nation-states unable to govern the world,
政治体系（民族、国家）无法统治这个世界，
respond to the global challenges that we face
也无法回应我们面临的全球性挑战，
like climate change,
如气候变化的问题，
then maybe it's time for mayors to rule the world,
也许是时候让市长们统治这个世界的时候了，
for mayors and the citizens and the peoples they represent
是时候让市长们，市民的忠实喉舌，
to engage in global governance.
去参与到全球问题的管理中来。
When I say if mayors ruled the world,
当我说，“如果市长们可以统治这个世界”，
when I first came up with that phrase,
当我第一次想到这个说法的时候，
it occurred to me that actually, they already do.
我突然认识到，他们其实已经这样做了。
There are scores of international, inter-city,
现如今在城市中已经有许多的跨国、跨市、
cross-border institutions, networks of cities
跨境、连接众多城市的组织
in which cities are already, quite quietly,
已经在悄无声息中，
below the horizon, working together
合作无间，
to deal with climate change, to deal with security,
共同对抗气候变化、安全问题、
to deal with immigration,
处理移民问题，
to deal with all of those tough,
和那些纵使艰难，
interdependent problems that we face.
但仍需要面对的共存性问题。
They have strange names:
这些组织有着一些奇怪的名字：
UCLG,
UCLG (United Cities And Local Governments)
United Cities and Local Governments;
城市和地方政府联合；
ICLEI,
ICLEI (International Council for Local Environmental Issues.)
the International Council for Local Environmental Issues.
国际地方环境理事会，
And the list goes on:
这样的例子不胜枚举：
Citynet in Asia; City Protocol, a new organization
亚洲城市组织 Citynet in Asia；
out of Barcelona that is using the web
城市协议组织 City Protocol（一个在巴塞罗那新成立的组织，
to share best practices among countries.
它通过运用网络共享城市中成功的案例）
And then all the things we know a little better,
还有一些我们更熟悉的组织，
the U.S. Conference of Mayors,
美国市长会 U.S. Conference of Mayors
the Mexican Conference of Mayors,
墨西哥市长会 Mexican Conference of Mayors
the European Conference of Mayors.
欧洲市长会 European Conference of Mayors
Mayors are where this is happening.
正因为市长们，这些组织们才得以成立。
And so the question is,
所以，问题来了，
how can we create a world
我们如何建立一个
in which mayors and the citizens they represent
市长们和他们所代表的的市民们
play a more prominent role?
可以更扮演更重要角色的世界？
Well, to understand that,
要回答这个问题，
we need to understand why cities are special,
我们首先要了解城市是如此特别的原因，
why mayors are so different
了解为何市长与总理和总统们相比
than prime ministers and presidents,
与众不同的原因。
because my premise is that a mayor and a prime minister
那是因为我的首要前提是市长和总理
are at the opposite ends of a political spectrum.
处在一个政治谱系中相反的两端
To be a prime minister or a president,
要成为一名总理或是总统，
you have to have an ideology,
你必须要有思想意识，
you have to have a meta-narrative,
你必须要元叙述（即对历史的意义、经历和知识的叙述）
you have to have a theory of how things work,
你还必须要有上任后如何使国家运作的理论基础，
you have to belong to a party.
您必须要从属于一个政党。
Independents, on the whole,
如若你是无党派人士，自由、独立的个体，
don't get elected to office.
那么你就无法被选举。
But mayors are just the opposite.
但，市长们则相反。
Mayors are pragmatists, they're problem-solvers.
市长是实用主义者，他们能够解决问题。
Their job is to get things done, and if they don't,
他们的责任就在于完成任务，
they're out of a job.
他们一旦失败就会失业。
Mayor Nutter of Philadelphia said,
费城纳特市的市长曾经说过，
we could never get away here in Philadelphia
“在费城，我们不能眼看着华盛顿的
with the stuff that goes on in Washington,
麻痹无能、不作为
the paralysis, the non-action, the inaction.
和迟钝。
Why? Because potholes have to get filled,
为什么？因为漏洞需要被填补，
because the trains have to run,
只有这样火车才能够正常运行，
because kids have to be able to get to school.
只有这样孩子们才能够享受教育。”
And that's what we have to do,
而那就是我们要做的，
and to do that is about pragmatism
去做那些实质性的事，
in that deep, American sense,
从美国人的思维来说，
reaching outcomes.
那就是去做那些能够达到成果的事。
Washington, Beijing, Paris, as world capitals,
华盛顿，北京，巴黎，世界的首都都一样，
are anything but pragmatic,
一点都不务实。
but real city mayors have to be pragmatists.
但是市长们却不得不务实，
They have to get things done,
他们必须确保使事物运转，
they have to put ideology and religion and ethnicity aside
他们必须摒弃意识形态、宗教和民族差异
and draw their cities together.
把他们的城市联系起来。
演讲简介：
国家级的政治家们似乎总是制造僵局比解决世界性的难题要多。那么，应该由谁来挑起重任解决问题？答案是市长们。政治理论家本杰明·巴伯建议，“让市长们多一点处理全球性事务的权利。” 巴伯同时说明这些“哥们儿”们是如何解决他们自己管辖范围的要事，并可能将其方法推广到世界性的范围。
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