TED演讲之2.0版城市:特殊环境中不寻常的房子(1)
Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough
在我的职业生涯里，我非常幸运的
to work with many of the great
和很多著名的
international architects,
国际建筑师一起工作过，
documenting their work and observing
整理他们的工作，并观察
how their designs have the capacity
他们的设计是如何有能力
to influence the cities in which they sit.
去影响其所在的城市。
I think of new cities like Dubai
我想到了如迪拜一样的新城市
or ancient cities like Rome
或者像罗马一样的老城市
with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum,
拥有扎哈·哈迪德不可思议的设计——21世纪国家艺术博物馆
or like right here in New York with the High Line,
或者像这里，高楼林立的纽约
a city which has been so much influenced
一个被摩天大楼的建筑
by the development of this.
深深影响的城市。
But what I find really fascinating
但是我发现最吸引我的是
is what happens when architects and planners leave
当这些城市的建筑师和规划者离开
and these places become appropriated by people,
人们开始使用这些地方时，城市将会发生怎样的变化
like here in Chandigarh, India,
比如印度的昌迪加尔
the city which has been completely designed
一个完全由建筑师，勒·柯布西耶
by the architect Le Corbusier.
设计的城市。
Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over
60年后的今天，这个城市已经被
by people in very different ways
居民以一种当初设计时不可设想的方式
from whatever perhaps intended for,
所使用，
like here, where you have the people
像这里
sitting in the windows of the assembly hall.
有人们坐在礼堂的窗户上。
But over the course of several years,
但是在这几年期间，
I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's
我在记录雷姆·库哈斯
CCTV building in Beijing
设计的北京CCTV大楼
and the olympic stadium in the same city
和同一个城市里由赫尔佐格和德·梅隆设计的
by the architects Herzog and de Meuron.
奥运主体育场。
At these large-scale construction sites in China,
在这些中国的大型基建项目里，
you see a sort of makeshift camp
你可以看到一种临时的帐篷营地
where workers live during the entire building process.
是工人在整个施工期间居住的地方。
As the length of the construction takes years,
由于施工期需要多年的时间，
workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready
工人最终形成一种非常原始和简单的
informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition
非常规城市，和他们正在建设的
against the sophisticated structures that they're building.
复杂结构的建筑并存。
Over the past seven years, I've been following
在过去的七年里，我一直在追随着
my fascination with the built environment,
我对建筑环境的兴趣，
and for those of you who know me, you would say
并且对你们当中了解我的人，你们会说
that this obsession has led me to live
这种痴迷使我
out of a suitcase 365 days a year.
一年365天提着行李生活
Being constantly on the move
一直四处奔波
means that sometimes I am able
意味着有时我可以
to catch life's most unpredictable moments,
抓住生活中最不可预测的时刻，
like here in New York
比如在纽约这里
the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.
在桑迪飓风袭击城市后的一天。
Just over three years ago,
正好在三年前，
I was for the first time in Caracas, Venezuela,
我第一次来到委内瑞拉的加拉加斯
and while flying over the city, I was just amazed
当飞机飞过城市上方时，我很惊讶于
by the extent to which the slums
这里的贫民窟
reach into every corner of the city,
已经遍布了城市的每个角落，
a place where nearly 70 percent of the population
一个百分之七十的居民
lives in slums,
生活在贫民窟里的地方，
draped literally all over the mountains.
贫民窟满山遍野的搭建着
During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank,
在和当地的城市设计智库的谈话中，
I learned about the Torre David,
我了解到托雷·大卫
a 45-story office building which sits
一个45层高的办公楼，坐落在
right in the center of Caracas.
加拉加斯的中心。
The building was under construction
这个高楼一直在施工
until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy
直到90年代初委内瑞拉经济大崩盘
and the death of the developer in the early '90s.
并且设计者去世。
About eight years ago, people started moving
大概八年前，人们开始搬进
into the abandoned tower
被废弃的大楼里
and began to build their homes right in between
并开始在这个未完工的大楼的每个间隙里
every column of this unfinished tower.
搭建他们自己的房子。
There's only one little entrance to the entire building,
整座大楼只有一个小小的入口，
and the 3,000 residents come in and out
3000居民从这里
through that single door.
通过这一个门进出。
Together, the inhabitants created public spaces
居住者合力建立了公共空间
and designed them to feel more like a home
并设计德使这里多一点家的感觉
and less like an unfinished tower.
少一点烂尾楼的感觉。
In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees.
在大堂，他们粉刷了墙面，种植了树
They also made a basketball court.
他们还建了一个篮球场。
But when you look up closely,
但是当你近距离观察时，
you see massive holes where elevators
可以看到很多的洞，这是当初设计给电梯
and services would have run through.
和其它的服务设施。
Within the tower, people have come up
在大楼里，人们想出了
with all sorts of solutions
各种解决方案
in response to the various needs
以应对不同的需求
which arise from living in an unfinished tower.
由于居住在这个烂尾楼里。
With no elevators,
由于没有电梯
the tower is like a 45-story walkup.
大楼像个45层的步行高楼。
Designed in very specific ways
这群没有受过任何建筑和设计培训的居民
by this group of people
以一种独特的方式
who haven't had any education in architecture or design.
设计了大楼的使用。
And with each inhabitant finding their own
而当每个居住者发现他们自己
unique way of coming by,
独特的生活居住方式时，
this tower becomes like a living city,
这座大楼好像变成了一座居住的城市，
a place which is alive with micro-economies
一个伴随着微观的经济
and small businesses.
和小商户的地方。
The inventive inhabitants, for instance,
比如，这些有创造力的居住者
find opportunities in the most unexpected cases,
在最不可思议的情况下发现机遇，
like the adjacent parking garage,
比如毗邻的停车场
which has been reclaimed as a taxi route
被重新规划为一条出租车的路线
to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps
搭载居民通过坡道
in order to shorten the hike
以缩短到公寓的
up to the apartments.
爬坡的距离。
A walk through the tower
穿过大楼的一路上
reveals how residents have figured out
展现了居民是如何想出
how to create walls, how to make an air flow,
怎么搭建墙体，怎么让空气流通，
how to create transparency,
怎么让大楼更加透亮，
circulation throughout the tower,
大楼的循环系统，
essentially creating a home
尤其是创造一个
that's completely adapted
完全适应于
to the conditions of the site.
周围环境的家园。
演讲简介：
在委内瑞拉加拉加斯市中心，立着一座45层高的烂尾楼—“大卫楼”。但是8年后，人们开始搬入这座楼。摄影师伊万·巴恩通过介绍大卫楼里面的住家，尼日利亚的河上城市和中国的窑洞村庄，向观众展示人们是如何在最不可能的环境下建造房子。精美的照片使人赞叹着人类在任何角落里伟大的生存和建设家园的能力。
NSDA“SDcamps”全国英语演讲与辩论大赛（大学组）/SDcamps全国中小学生英语演讲与辩论大会（中小学及幼儿组）/美式辩论赛（以下简称大赛/大会）现诚招全国省市合作伙伴或城市合伙人，共同进行推广NSDA赛事品牌、举办赛事及培训活动、开展素质教育、美式营地项目等多方面合作。
我们希望认同NSDA理念，有赛事组织经验，或有教育资源，特别是有理想有热情的机构或个人一起携手，共同推广NSDA品牌、赛事及素质教育。以机构的形式，或以城市合伙人的方式均可。具体的赛事组织、盈利模式，欢迎电话或微信咨询。
微信：0012133598196
