TED演讲之2.0版城市:特殊环境中不寻常的房子(3)
Another place I'd like to share with you
另一个我希望和你们分享的地方
is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.
是在开罗的扎巴林。
They're descendants of farmers who began migrating
这里的居民是40年代
from the upper Egypt in the '40s,
从埃及上部的地区移居过来的农民的后代，
and today they make their living
今天他们靠着
by collecting and recycling waste from homes
从全开罗居民家里
from all over Cairo.
收集和回收垃圾维生。
For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages
很多年来，扎巴林的居民生活在临时的村落里
where they would move around
他们可以随时移动
trying to avoid the local authorities,
以试图回避当地政府，
but in the early 1980s, they settled
但是在80年代初，他们在
on the Mokattam rocks
摩卡塔姆山区定居下来
just at the eastern edge of the city.
就在城市东边的边缘地区。
Today, they live in this area,
今天，他们生活在这片区域，
approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people,
大约5万到7万人，
who live in this community of self-built
住在自己建的
multi-story houses
多层房屋的社区里
where up to three generations live in one structure.
三代同堂。
While these apartments that they built for themselves
虽然这些他们建给自己的公寓
appear to lack any planning or formal grid,
看上去缺少规划或者正规的架构
each family specializing in a certain form of recycling
但每家都擅长收一种特殊的回收方式
means that the ground floor of each apartment
这意味着每个公寓的底层
is reserved for garbage-related activities
被预留给进行垃圾处理相关的工作
and the upper floor is dedicated to living space.
上层是用于居住的空间。
I find it incredible to see
我很不可思议地看到
how these piles and piles of garbage
这些成堆成堆的垃圾是如何
are invisible to the people who live there,
能被住在这里的人们所忽视
like this very distinguished man who is posing
像这个正在端坐的有威望的长者
while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him,
他的后面却仿佛有大量垃圾要溢出，
or like these two young men who are sitting
或者像这两位年轻人正坐着聊天
and chatting amongst these tons of garbage.
在他们之间却有着成吨的垃圾。
While to most of us, living amongst
虽然对我们大部分人，生活在
these piles and piles of garbage
这些成堆成堆的垃圾中间
may seem totally uninhabitable,
可能似乎无法适应，
to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just
但对那些生活在扎巴林的人来说，这只是
a different type of normal.
一种与众不同的平常。
In all these places I've talked about today,
在所有我今天说到的地方，
what I do find fascinating is that there's really
我发现最有意思的是
no such thing as normal,
没有一种叫寻常的东西，
and it proves that people are able to adapt
这证明人们有能力适应
to any kind of situation.
各种生存环境。
Throughout the day, it's quite common
一天中，遇到一个正在街上进行的小型派对
to come across a small party taking place
是非常正常的。
in the streets, just like this engagement party.
就像这个订婚的派对
In this tradition, the bride-to-be
在这种传统中，准新娘
displays all of their belongings,
展示出她们要带给未来新丈夫的
which they soon bring to their new husband.
所有个人物品
A gathering like this one
像这样的物品的堆放
offers such a juxtaposition
展示出一种东西放在一起的情形
where all the new stuff is displayed
所有新的物品被展示出来
and all the garbage is used
而所有的垃圾被用作
as props to display all their new home accessories.
展示他们新家所有小装饰的道具。
Like Makoko and the Torre David,
像马卡卡和托雷大卫一样，
throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all
通过扎巴林你可以发现在任何典型的社区里
the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood.
都完全一样的设施。
There are the retail shops, the cafes
那里有零售店，咖啡厅
and the restaurants, and the community
和餐厅，并且这个社区
is this community of Coptic Christians,
是一个埃及基督徒社区，
so you'll also find a church,
所以你也会发现一个教堂，
along with the scores of religious iconographies
以及大量的宗教图像
throughout the area,
贯穿于这片区域，
and also all the everyday services
还有日常的服务设施
like the electronic repair shops,
比如电器维修点，
the barbers, everything.
理发店，任何设施。
Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen
参观扎巴林的住家
is also full of surprises.
同样充满惊喜。
While from the outside,
虽然从外面看，
these homes look like any other informal structure
这些房子看上去跟其他在城市里非常规结构的住宅没什么两样
in the city, when you step inside,
但当你走进去，
you are met with all manner of design decisions
你可以看到它所有设计的形式
and interior decoration.
和内部装饰。
Despite having limited access to space and money,
虽然空间和资金都很有限，
the homes in the area are designed
但这里房子的设计
with care and detail.
都十分体贴，注重细节。
Every apartment is unique,
每个公寓都独一无二，
and this individuality tells a story
这种个性告诉我们一个故事
about each family's circumstances and values.
关于每家的情况和价值观念。
Many of these people take their homes
他们很多人对待自己的家
and interior spaces very seriously,
和内部空间十分认真，
putting a lot of work and care
在细节方面
into the details.
花费大量时间和精力。
The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner,
公共区域也被用同样的态度对待，
where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns.
墙面由人造大理石装饰。
But despite this elaborate decor,
但是除了这些精致的装饰，
sometimes these apartments are used
这些公寓里有时候
in very unexpected ways,
也会以一种与众不同的方式被使用。
like this home which caught my attention
比如这个吸引我注意的房子
while all the mud and the grass was literally
很多泥土和杂草
seeping out under the front door.
从前门渗了进去。
When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment
当我进去的时候，这个五层楼的公寓好像
was being transformed into a complete animal farm,
被完全改造成一个农场，
where six or seven cows stood grazing
六七头牛站在里面吃草
in what otherwise would be the living room.
而这里本来应该是客厅。
演讲简介：
在委内瑞拉加拉加斯市中心，立着一座45层高的烂尾楼—“大卫楼”。但是8年后，人们开始搬入这座楼。摄影师伊万·巴恩通过介绍大卫楼里面的住家，尼日利亚的河上城市和中国的窑洞村庄，向观众展示人们是如何在最不可能的环境下建造房子。精美的照片使人赞叹着人类在任何角落里伟大的生存和建设家园的能力。
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