TED演讲之2.0版城市:特殊环境中不寻常的房子(2)
When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,
当一个新的居住者搬进这座大楼，
they already have a roof over their head,
他们已经有一个可以遮盖的房顶，
so they just typically mark their space
所以他们通常只是使用
with a few curtains or sheets.
很小的窗帘和单子来突出他们的地方。
Slowly, from found materials, walls rise,
慢慢地，从现成的材料，高墙，
and people create a space out of any found objects
人们创造了一个从任何现成物体
or materials.
和材料搭建的空间。
It's remarkable to see the design decisions
看到他们的设计规划决定
that they're making,
很让人惊叹，
like when everything is made out of red bricks,
例如当所有东西都是红砖建的时候，
some residents will cover that red brick
一些居民会在红砖墙外覆盖上
with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper
另一层红砖样式的墙纸
just to make it a kind of clean finish.
只为了让它看上去有干净的感觉。
The inhabitants literally built up these homes
这些居住者真的是
with their own hands, and this labor of love
用他们的双手来搭建自己的房子，这种充满着爱的劳动
instills a great sense of pride
渗透出一种伟大的自豪感
in many families living in this tower.
充盈在很多住在这儿的家庭里。
They typically make the best out of their conditions,
他们特别是要尽最大可能利用他们周围的环境
and try to make their spaces look nice and homey,
来让他们的生活空间更温馨，更有家的感觉，
or at least up until as far as they can reach.
或者至少做到他们能尽的最大可能。
Throughout the tower, you come across
在大楼里，你可以找到
all kinds of services, like the barber,
各种各样的服务，比如理发店，
small factories, and every floor has
小铺子，每层都有
a little grocery store or shop.
小的食品杂货店和商店。
And you even find a church.
你甚至可以找到一个教堂。
And on the 30th floor, there is a gym
并且在30层有一个健身房
where all the weights and barbells
那里所有的器械和杠铃
are made out of the leftover pulleys
都是由剩下的滑轮制成的
from the elevators which were never installed.
这些滑轮是从那些没有安装的电梯上拿来的。
From the outside, behind this always-changing facade,
从外面，在这个不断变化的外墙后面，
you see how the fixed concrete beams
你可以看到固定的混凝土梁柱是如何
provide a framework for the inhabitants
为居民提供一个房屋框架
to create their homes
以便让他们以一种有机而直观的方式
in an organic, intuitive way
去搭建他们的房子
that responds directly to their needs.
来直接应对他们的需求。
Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria,
让我们现在去看看非洲，尼日利亚，
to a community called Makoko,
来到一个叫马卡卡的住宅区
a slum where 150,000 people
一个居住着15万人的贫民窟
live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon.
住在仅在拉各斯湖上面几米的地方。
While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place,
虽然它看上去好像是一个很混乱的地方，
when you see it from above, there seems to be
但当你从上往下看，那里好像存在
a whole grid of waterways and canals
一个由水路和运河形成的格子网
connecting each and every home.
连接着每家每户。
From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes
从主码头，人们坐上长木做的小木舟
which carry them out to their various homes and shops
带他们前往在很大一片区域里的
located in the expansive area.
各种房屋和商店
When out on the water, it's clear
当进入水域时，很明显
that life has been completely adapted
生活已经完全融入
to this very specific way of living.
这种特殊条件下的生活方式。
Even the canoes become variety stores
甚至木筏子也变成各种各样的小店
where ladies paddle from house to house,
女人们划着木舟从一家到另一家，
selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits.
卖着从牙膏到新鲜水果的各种东西。
Behind every window and door frame,
在每一扇窗户和门框背后，
you'll see a small child peering back at you,
你都会看到有小孩子在背后盯着你
and while Makoko seems to be packed with people,
虽然马卡卡看上去到处都是人，
what's more shocking is actually
但更让人吃惊的是实际上
the amount of children pouring out of every building.
每座房屋里面拥有的孩子的数量。
The population growth in Nigeria,
尼日利亚的人口增长，
and especially in these areas like Makoko,
尤其是在像马卡卡这样的区域，
are painful reminders
痛苦地提醒着人们
of how out of control things really are.
生育失控后带来的结果。
In Makoko, very few systems
在马卡卡，只有非常少的生活系统
and infrastructures exist.
和基础设施存在
Electricity is rigged and freshest water
电是被垄断的，且干净的水
comes from self-built wells throughout the area.
来自于这片区域里自己建造的井。
This entire economic model
整个经济模式
is designed to meet a specific way of living
是为了应对特殊的水上生活方式而设计的
on the water, so fishing and boat-making
所以捕鱼和造船
are common professions.
是普遍的职业。
You'll have a set of entrepreneurs
这里还有一系列的商户
who have set up businesses throughout the area,
在这片区域建立经营着自己的生意，
like barbershops, CD and DVD stores,
比如理发店，CD和DVD商店，
movie theaters, tailors, everything is there.
电影院，裁缝铺，和其它的一切。
There is even a photo studio
这是甚至有一个照相馆
where you see the sort of aspiration
让你看到一种期望
to live in a real house or to be associated
去住在真正的大房子里或者和一个遥远的地方
with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.
产生联系，比如瑞典的旅馆。
On this particular evening,
在这个特别的夜晚，
I came across this live band
我遇到这个
dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.
穿着舞台表演衣服的现场演奏乐队。
They were floating through the canals
他们在河道里漂着
in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator
坐在一个装了可发光的大船里，
for all of the community to enjoy.
让所有居民欣赏他们的演出。
By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black,
深夜降临后，这片区域变得漆黑一片，
save for a small lightbulb
除了一些小的电灯
or a fire.
或者火光。
What originally brought me to Makoko
最初使我来到马卡卡的原因
was this project from a friend of mine,
是一个我朋友的做的项目，
Kunl茅 Adeyemi, who recently finished building
昆里阿德耶米，它最近修建了
this three-story floating school
一个漂在水上的三层学校
for the kids in Makoko.
给马卡卡这里的孩子们使用。
With this entire village existing on the water,
由于整个村落都在水上，
public space is very limited,
公共空间十分有限，
so now that the school is finished,
所以现在学校建好了，
the ground floor is a playground for the kids,
底层就变成了孩子们的活动场所，
but when classes are out, the platform
但是当课上完了，整个平台
is just like a town square,
就变成了一个小的城镇广场，
where the fishermen mend their nets
渔民在那里补网
and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.
划船卖东西的人们在那里停靠木船。
演讲简介：
在委内瑞拉加拉加斯市中心，立着一座45层高的烂尾楼—“大卫楼”。但是8年后，人们开始搬入这座楼。摄影师伊万·巴恩通过介绍大卫楼里面的住家，尼日利亚的河上城市和中国的窑洞村庄，向观众展示人们是如何在最不可能的环境下建造房子。精美的照片使人赞叹着人类在任何角落里伟大的生存和建设家园的能力。
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