总统就职演说:美国15任总统詹姆斯·布坎南就职演讲(2)

Let every Union_loving man,therefore,exert his best influence to suppress this agitation, which since the recent legislation of Congress is without any legitimate object.

那么让每一个热爱联邦的人施展其最大影响来压制这场骚动。自从最近的国会立法,它已无任何合法的目标。

No nation in the tide of time has ever been blessed with so rich and noble an inheritance as we enjoy in the pubilc lands.

没有民族在时代潮流中能象我们享受公共土地那样受到如此丰富高遗的遗产。

In administering this important trust, whilst it may be wise to grant portions of them for the improvement of the remainder, yet we should never forget that it is our cardinal policy to reserve these lands, as much as may be,for actual settlers,and this at moderate prices.

在管理这一重大委任中,为了改善剩余土地而赠出其中部分也许是明智的,但我们不可忘记我们的最高政府是尽可能地把这些土地,保留给真正的定居者,而且是以低廉的价格。

We shall thus not only best promote the prosperity of the new States and Territories, by furnishing them a hardy and independent race of honest and industrious citizens, but shall secure homes for our children and our children's children, as well as for those exiles from foreign shores who may seek in this country to improve their condition and to enjoy the blessings of civil and religious liberty.

我们应该如此,不仅极力促进新的州和领土的繁荣,通过为它们提供弹悍自立而忠诚勤劳的人民,也应为我们的子孙后代,和从外国海岸来到这个国家寻求改善生活和享受政治和宗教自由的人们保证一个美好家园。

They have proved faithful both in peace and in war.

他们不论在和平还是战争年代来都很忠诚。

After becoming citizens they are entitled,under the Constitution and laws, to be placed on a perfect equality with native born citizens, and in this character they should ever be kindly recognized.

在成为公民后他们将在宪法和法规下,获得同本土出生的公民完全平等的权利,而以此特性他们的地位将被友善地认可。

It is our glory that whilst other nations have extended their dominions by the sword we have never acquired any territory except by fait purchase or, as in the case of Texas,by the voluntary determination of a brave,kindred, and independent people to blend their destinies with our won.

当别国通过刀剑来扩大范围时,我们只通过公共的购买或者,如得克萨斯州,通过一个勇敢的、有亲情的,独立的民族自愿和我们国家的联合的意愿来获得土地,这是我们的光荣。

Even our acquisitions from Mexico form no exception.

即使是我们从墨西哥所得到的也不例外。

Unwilling to take advantage of the fortune of war against a sister republic, we purchased these possessions under the treaty of peace for a sum which was considered at the time a fair equivalent.

不愿对一个兄弟共和国发动战争来取得利益。我们在和平条约下以当时认为是等值的数目来购买这些土地。

Our past history forbids that we shall in the future acquire territory unless this be sanctioned by the laws of justice and honor.

我们过去的历史禁止我们在未来获取土地,除非是在公正高尚的法律允许的情况下。

Acting on this principle,no nation will have a right to interfere or to complain if in the progress of events we shall still further extend our possessions.

以此原则行动,没有民族能有权力来干涉或报怨我们在将来随着情况的发展,进一步扩大我们的领地。

Hitherto in all our acquisitions the people,under the protection of the American flag, have enjoyed civil and religious liberty,as well as equal and just laws, and have been contented,prosperous,and happy.

至今为止在我们所有得到的土地上,人们在美国旗帜的保护下,享受着政治和宗教的自由。以及平等公正的法律:他们也很满意,富裕和幸福。

Their trade with the rest of the world has repidly increased, and thus every commercial nation has shared largely in their successful progress.

他们同世界各地的贸易也迅速增长。于是每一个商贸国家都能分享到他们的成功发展。

詹姆斯·布坎南(James Buchanan ,1791年4月23日——1868年6月1日)是美国第15任总统,生于宾夕法尼亚州。布坎南出任总统时,正值美国处于历史上的一个重大关头。当时,南北双方在奴隶制问题上的斗争愈演愈烈。他尽管为避免南北分裂作过不少努力,但还是无力扭转局势,后来内战终于爆发。而他的继任者正是带领北方赢得战争,废除奴隶制的林肯总统。

1856年春,布坎南再次参加大选,此次他志在必得。出使国外使他在国内政坛比较超脱,参与起草《奥斯坦德宣言》又赢得了南方的青睐,因此他获得了民主党的提名。在竞选中,主要对手共和党人提出了激进的反奴隶制纲领,而民主党人则向各界人士许诺,要保持经济繁荣和秩序稳定,呼吁南北方团结起来,维护国家的统一,并一再强调,共和党的胜利意味着联邦解体。民主党强大的组织力量和竞选纲领的策略使布坎南终于赢得了胜利。1857年3月4日,布坎南宣誓就职。摄影师使用照相机第一次留下了总统就职仪式这一珍贵的图片资料。照片中的布坎南看上去颇有廉颇老矣的感觉。他是一位高龄的总统,面对的却是一个为内战阴云所笼罩的国家。或许总统一职到来得太迟,当年的锐气与活力正离他远去。他摇曳于南北之间,企图寻求一条不偏不倚的中庸之道来摆脱困境。


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