TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(3)

But let me show you cutting-edge robotics. 现在我来介绍一下最高端的机器人技术。 Now a lot of robotics is very impressive, but manipulation robotics is really just in the dark ages. 如今许多项机器人技术已经相当厉害,可是在机器人动作控制方面我们遇到了瓶颈,看不到曙光。 So this is the end of a Ph.D. project from one of the best robotics institutes. 这是在一个顶尖机器人控制学院...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(14)

Quick question for you, Dan. So you're a movement — (DW: Chauvinist.) — chauvinist. 我问一个简短的问题。所以你是一个运动–(沃:沙文主义者。)–沙文主义者。 Does that mean that you think that the other things we think our brains are about — the dreaming, the yearning, 是不是意味着你认为我们觉得让大脑有存在意义的其他事情–那些梦想、渴望、 ...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(12)

So why is it that we move the particular ways we do? 那我们为什么用这种特定的模式移动呢? Well let's think about what really happens. Maybe we don't all quite move the same way. 来想想真实情况可能是什么。假如我们并不都用同一种模式移动。 Maybe there's variation in the population. 假如人群中有差异。 And maybe those who move better than others have got more chance o...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(6)

That information is available in the current shot, but there's another source of information not available on the current shot, 以上这些信息是实时获得的,但是另一个获得信息的渠道,不是实时获得的, but only available by repeated experience in the game of tennis, 而是来自只有通过反复练习网球才得来的经验, and that's that the ball doesn't bounce with equal probabili...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(9)

Now I have to admit, these are the worst studies my lab has ever run. 现在我要承认,这个是我实验室里进行过的最糟糕的实验。 Because the tickle sensation on the palm comes and goes, you need large numbers of subjects with these stars making them significant. 因为痒痒的感觉就像昙花一现,所以需要大量的试验者,还只能靠星级来给痒痒的程度打分。 So we were looking for a much more ob...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(2)

So I am a movement chauvinist. I believe movement is the most important function of the brain — don't let anyone tell you that it's not true. 所以说,我是个运动沙文主义者,我认为运动是大脑最重要的功能,不要让别人告诉你这个观点不对。 Now if movement is so important, how well are we doing understanding how the brain controls movement? 那么,如果运动如此重要,我们...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(1)

I'm a neuroscientist. And in neuroscience, we have to deal with many difficult questions about the brain. 我是个神经生物学家。在神经生物学研究里,我们需要处理很多关于大脑的难题。 But I want to start with the easiest question and the question you really should have all asked yourselves at some point in your life, 不过我今天要从这个最简单的问题开始,这个问题是大家应该在以...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(4)

So for example, if you put your hand under a table and try to localize it with your other hand, you can be off by several centimeters due to the noise in sensory feedback. 比如说,如果把一只手放在桌子底下,然后在桌子上面用另一只手去对准,最后位置可能相差好几厘米,这就是因为感官回馈里面的杂音在起作用。 Similarly, when you put motor output on movement output, it's extremel...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(13)

And the fundamental idea is you want to plan your movements so as to minimize the negative consequence of the noise. 话说回来,我们的基本思路是要找到一种动作方式,能够把杂音带来的负面影响降到最低。 And one intuition to get is actually the amount of noise or variability I show here gets bigger as the force gets bigger. 并且我们凭直觉就知道我在这里展示的杂音,或者说可变性随力...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(8)

What evidence is there for this? 那有什么证据支持这点吗? Well there's one very clear example where a sensation generated by myself feels very different then if generated by another person. 我们认为其中一个非常明了的例子就是自身产生的动作带来的感觉与他人做同样动作带来的感觉是十分不同的。 And so we decided the most obvious place to start was with tickling. 我们认为最直接...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(11)

But we've got a problem. Tasks are symbolic — I want to drink, I want to dance — but the movement system has to contract 600 muscles in a particular sequence. 但在这里出现问题了。动作任务是符号性质的–我要喝水,我要跳舞–但是运动系统需要按特定顺序收缩600块肌肉。 And there's a big gap between the task and the movement system. 况且有一个巨大的鸿沟...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(5)

So let's think about the inference. You want to generate beliefs about the world. 我们先来看推断。在推断中,我们要建立对于当前情景的“信念”。 So what are beliefs? Beliefs could be: where are my arms in space? 那么什么是信念?信念可以是我的胳膊在空间里的什么位置。 Am I looking at a cat or a fox? 也可以是我在看一只猫还是一只狐狸? But we're going to represent beliefs wi...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(10)

So we decided to test this in the lab. Now we don't work with children, we don't work with hitting, but the concept is identical. 所以我们决定在实验室里做这个测试,好了我们不用小孩子,也不用打的,不过概念是相同的。 We bring in two adults. We tell them they're going to play a game. 我们找来两个成人。告诉他们来做个小游戏。 And so here's player one and player tw...

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TED演讲之身体语言 拥有大脑的真正原因(7)

But you can imagine looking inside the brain. And here's inside the brain. 不过我们能想象大脑内部发生了什么。图上就是大脑内部。 You might have a little predictor, a neural simulator, of the physics of your body and your senses. 里面可能有一个预测结构,也就是神经组成的模拟器来模拟身体和感觉器官的物理过程。 So as you send a movement command down, you tap a copy of that off...

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导致儿童上课走神的原因是什么

儿童上课走神就是儿童的注意力不能集中在学习上的一种表现。主要表现为:上课不专心听讲,稍有动静就东张西望,人在教室心已经飞到外面去了。注意力不集中常常是导致儿童学习困难的主要原因。导致儿童上课走神的原因是: (1)神经系统发育迟缓: 注意力等心理活动的基础是神经活动。神经系统成熟的延迟和大脑功能失调,都有可能导致儿童的注意力不集中,表现为上课时爱走神。 (2)个体差异: 儿童的气质...

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什么原因造成孩子“两面派”

女儿经常在我面前答应好的事,在她奶奶面前就食言。在我的面前表现得十分听话,可是对她奶奶却经常大喊大叫,十分不礼貌。究竟什么原因造成孩子“两面派”的做法?我该如何办? 答:孩子是情绪的俘虏,而且这么大的孩子都是用模式化的方式学习的,她的一双小眼睛每天都在观察所遇到的每一个人、每一件事。通过自己的生活经验来验证所有的事情的对否,实际上这也是孩子学习的一个过程。他们能分辨...

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孩子说谎通常有三种原因

先看一封家长来信: 编辑您好,非常喜欢你们的栏目。我女儿现在6岁半,有丰富的想象力,口才也不错,和我说话的时候会自己凭空想象一些不着边际的话,说的和真事一样,不知道的人会认为她说的是真话呢。现在,孩子吃零食太多,而且为了能吃到自己喜欢的东西,她还会撒谎,骗人,有时候我下班回来问她吃冷食了吗?她就会说没吃(实际上吃了),你再深究,她就说真话。有时我脾气不好或她惹我生气时我也会大声...

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竞聘指南:面试失败的十个原因

导语:面试怎么会这么难,让那么多人"尽折腰",总在最后关头被"秒杀"?向阳生涯认为,面试就像要完成一道综合题,没有标准答案,你需要的是尽可能细致、周全地考虑问题,从中展现你的职业精神和专业技能,在各方面有中上等的表现,才能确保获得较高的综合得分,顺利通过面试,获得宝贵的机会。 1、这家公司没什么了不起 镜头回放:D是海归硕士,金融学专业。在D看来,自己的资历相当有...

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面试技巧;如何描述自己的离职原因

“你能否描述一下你离开以前所供职单位的原因?”这类问题在面试时经常会被问及,招聘单位能从中获得很多关于你的信息。因此,在回答这个问题时应该集中精力。 像“大锅饭”阻碍了发挥、上班路途太长、专业不对口、结婚、生病、休假等等人们都可以理解的因素,是尽可以如实道来的。可是,有些因素谈起来就要很慎重了,比如:人际关系复杂。现代企业讲求团队精神,要求所有成员都能有...

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