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SDcamps•演辩营全国英语演讲与辩论赛
Think about that one. Have you ever entered an argument thinking, 在参加辩论的时候，你有没有想过 "Let's see if we can hash something out rather than fight it out. 让我们看看能不能共同敲定一些事情，而非由一方说服另一方。 What can we work out together?" 有什么是我们可以共同协作的？ And I think the argument-as-war metaphor inhibits those other kinds of resolutions...
If the axis-tilt theory had been refuted, 倘若“地轴倾斜”理论被观察否定了 its defenders would have had nowhere to go. 它的支持者们就无路可退了 No easily implemented change could make that tilt 没有什么信手拈来的变动能让地轴的倾斜 cause the same seasons in both hemispheres. 在两个半球产生相同的季节 The search for hard-to-vary explanations is the origin of all progress. 对难以...
So how can we find ways to make arguments yield something positive? 所以我们如何去进行辩论，并使之有一些积极的影响呢？ What we need is new exit strategies for arguments. 我们所需要的是一个新的方式来终止一场辩论。 But we're not going to have new exit strategies for arguments 但是我们没有办法找到一个新的方式去终止辩论， until we have new entry approaches to arguments. 除非...
Think about that one. Have you ever entered an argument thinking, 在参加辩论的时候，你有没有想过 "Let's see if we can hash something out rather than fight it out. 让我们看看能不能共同敲定一些事情，而非由一方说服另一方。 What can we work out together?" 有什么是我们可以共同协作的？ And I think the argument-as-war metaphor inhibits those other kinds of resolutions...
If the axis-tilt theory had been refuted, 倘若“地轴倾斜”理论被观察否定了 its defenders would have had nowhere to go. 它的支持者们就无路可退了 No easily implemented change could make that tilt 没有什么信手拈来的变动能让地轴的倾斜 cause the same seasons in both hemispheres. 在两个半球产生相同的季节 The search for hard-to-vary explanations is the origin of all progress. 对难以...
Our connection to reality is never just perception. 而我们与现实的联系从不会只是感知 It's always, as Karl Popper put it, theory-laden. 而是如卡尔·波普尔所说，充满着理论假设 Scientific knowledge isn't derived from anything. 科学知识不是从什么直接推导而来 It's like all knowledge. 而是像所有其他知识一样， It's conjectural, guesswork, tested by observation, not d...
So I'm going to speak about a problem that I have and that's that I'm a philosopher. 让我从我的一个问题开始，那就是，我是一个哲学家。 When I go to a party and people ask me what do I do 当我参加派对时，人们问我，我是干什么的。 and I say, "I'm a professor," their eyes glaze over. 我说，“我是个教授”，他们一下就失去了兴趣。 When I go to an academic coc...
Well, my answer is going to make reference to three models for arguments. 好了，为了回答这个问题，让我们来参照三种不同的辩论方式。 The first model, let's call this the dialectical model, 第一种模式，让我们称之为辩证模式， is that we think of arguments as war, and you know what that's like. 这种模式的辩论更想是打仗，相信你们都经历过。 There's a lot of screaming an...
My name is Dan Cohen, and I am academic, as he said. 我叫丹·科恩，我是个学者，就像主持人介绍的。 And what that means is that I argue. 这意味着我经常需要辩论。 It's an important part of my life, and I like to argue. 这是我生命中的重要组成部分，同时我喜欢辩论。 And I'm not just an academic, I'm a philosopher, 我不仅仅是个学者，我也是个哲学家， so I like to think th...
I'm sure that, throughout the hundred-thousand-odd years of our species' existence, and even before, 我十分确信在人类诞生以来的大概10万多年，甚至比这更长的时间里 our ancestors looked up at the night sky, and wondered what stars are. 我们的祖先仰望夜空，想知道那些星星究竟是什么 Wondering, therefore, how to explain what they saw in terms of things unseen. 其实也就是想...
Why a marriage contract and not any other reason for regular annual action? 为什么是一纸婚书而不是其他什么原因使普西芬妮定期往返呢？ Here is one. Persephone wasn't released. 我且来举个例子：普西芬妮并没有被放走 She escaped, and returns every spring to take revenge on Hades, with her Spring powers. 她逃走了，每年春天又回冥府找哈德斯报仇，用她春天的神力 She cools his domai...
At the time, what they thought 在那个时候，启蒙学者们认为 distinguished science was a radical idea about things unseen, known as empiricism. 科学的独特标志是一个关于不可见事物的激进看法，叫做经验主义 All knowledge derives from the senses. 认为所有的知识来自我们的感官 Well, we've seen that that can't be true. 呵呵，我们知道这样说有些偏颇 It did help by promoting obser...
That all that, discovered in 40 years, 这40年中的所有发现 had not been in the previous hundred thousand, 是数千年来所未有的 was not for lack of thinking about stars, and all those other urgent problems they had. 而这可不能归结为古人思维懒惰，对星星啊，还有那些迫切的问题不闻不问 They even arrived at answers, such as myths, 他们不光思考了，还给出了答案，比如说神话 that dominat...
OK, now, you all saw what changed, right? 好，你们都看到了什么东西改变了，对吧？ How many of you noticed that every one of those squares changed color? 有多少人注意到每一个方块都变了颜色？ Every one. I'll just show you by running it again. 每个都变了。我来重放一下。 Even when you know that they're all going to change color, it's very hard to notice. 即使你们都知...
One of the most common ways of dividing the world 一个把人类分成两大部分很普遍的方法 is into those who believe and those who don't–into the religious and the atheists. 便是分为相信神的存在的一部分，以及不相信宗教信仰的另一部分–宗教教徒和无神论者 And for the last decade or so, 在最近的十年中 it's been quite clear what being an atheist means. 对无神论者的定...
Well a sermon wants to change your life and a lecture wants to give you a bit of information. 宗教里的传教想改变你的生活，而一个演讲只是给你一些信息资料 And I think we need to get back to that sermon tradition. 我觉得我们有必要找回传教的习俗 The tradition of sermonizing is hugely valuable, 这个习俗是非常有用的 because we are in need of guidance, morality and consolation R...
Now, let me spend the rest of my time on the third big problem, 现在，让我把余下的时间花在对第三个重大问题的探讨上。 because it's more subtle and perhaps difficult to grasp. 因为这个问题更加微妙，也可能难以把握。 Think about some time in your life — 试着回忆一下你生命中的某些时刻—— some people might never have experienced it — but some people, 有些人可能从未...
I would say that there are many, many gaps in secular life and these can be plugged. 我觉得世俗的世界是有许多缺点的，但是那些缺点是可以被弥补的 It's not as though, as I try to suggest, 但这不是说 it's not as though either you have religion and then you have to accept all sorts of things 要么你相信宗教，然后你就要相信宗教所有的教条 or you don't have religion and t...
Now, this nice picture shows a thought-balloon, a thought-bubble. 好了，这张图展示的是一个“思维泡泡”。 I think everybody understands what that means. 我想大家都知道这是什么意思。 That's supposed to exhibit the stream of consciousness. 它展示了意识流。 This is my favorite picture of consciousness that's ever been done. 这是到目前，我最喜欢的展示意识的图片。 It's a...
I want to talk today about 今天我所要讲的是 I've been asked to take the long view, 他们让我谈谈长远的观点 and I'm going to tell you what I think are the three biggest problems for humanity from this long point of view. 我要告诉你们，我认为，从长远来看，人类面临着三大问题。 Some of these have already been touched upon by other speakers, which is encouraging. 其中有些...