I believe the reach of NeuroEmbodied Design will extend far beyond limb replacement我相信，神经体现设计的范围将远超替换肢体的范围，and will carry humanity into realms that fundamentally redefine human potential.它会将人类带入从根本上重新定义人类潜能的领域。In this 21st century, designers will extend the nervous system into powerfully strong exos

The current amputation paradigm breaks these dynamic muscle relationships,目前的截肢范式打破了这些动态肌肉间的关系，and in so doing eliminates normal proprioceptive sensations.这样做也消除了正常的本体感知能力。Consequently, a standard artificial limb cannot feed back information into the nervous system about where the prosthesis is in s

When a limb is amputated, the surgeon connects these opposing muscles within the residuum to create an AMI.当肢体被截掉以后，外科医生把残肢内这些拮抗肌连接起来，形成AMI。Now, multiple AMI constructs can be created for the control and sensation of multiple prosthetic joints.现在，可以创建多个AMI结构用于多个人工关节的控制和感知。Artificial electrodes are t

The answer was Team Cyborg, a team of surgeons, scientists and engineers答案就来自于“生化人团队”，一个由外科医生、科学家和工程师组成的团队，assembled at MIT to rebuild Jim back to his former climbing prowess.聚集在麻省理工学院帮助吉姆恢复他以前的攀登能力。Team member Dr. Matthew Carty amputated Jim&#39s badly damaged leg at Brigham and Women&#39s Hospital

There are many ways in which to build new bodies across scale, from the biomolecular to the scale of tissues and organs.有许多方法可以超越常规来建立新的身体，从生物分子层面到组织和器官层面。Today, I want to talk about one area of NeuroEmbodied Design,今天，我想谈谈神经体现设计中的一个领域，in which the body&#39s tissues are manipulated and sculpted usin

At MIT, we&#39re thinking about NeuroEmbodied Design.在麻省理工学院，我们正在考虑神经体现设计。In this design process, the designer designs human flesh and bone, the biological body itself,在这个设计过程中，设计者们设计人体肌肉和骨骼、生物体本身，along with synthetics to enhance the bidirectional communication between the nervous system and the bui

By connecting Jim&#39s nervous system bidirectionally to his synthetic limb, neurological embodiment was achieved.通过将吉姆的神经系统双向连接到他的合成肢体上，实现了神经体现。I hypothesized that because Jim can think and move his synthetic limb,我推测，因为吉姆能思考和移动他的合成肢体，and because he can feel those movements within his nervous syste

Now, Jim moves and behaves as if the synthetic limb is part of him.吉姆活动和做事时，合成肢体就像他的一部分。For example, one day in the lab, he accidentally stepped on a roll of electrical tape.例如，某天在实验室，他意外地踩到一卷电工胶带上。Now, what do you do when something&#39s stuck to your shoe?当东西粘上到你的鞋底上时，你会怎么做？You don&#39t reach down