SDcamps•演辩营全国英语演讲与辩论赛
Now think of the absurdity of this situation. 现在试想下这种奇怪的状况： If 27 individuals from those 27 member states sat around table, speaking their 23 languages, 如果27个来自各个盟国的人围坐在桌边，说着23种语言 some very simple mathematics will tell you that you need an army of 253 translators to anticipate all the pairwise possibilities. 简单计算就可以知道，你需要一个25...
Any spoken language that's used by real people has them. 任何口语都有这些词语。 If you happen to speak Japanese, think about that little word "ne" that you use at the end of a lot of sentences. 如果你会说日语的话，想想你在很多句子后面加上的那个“ne”字。 If you listen to the way black youth today speak, think about the use of the word "yo." 如果你听现在...
Our species can make stuff, 人类这一物种可以创造事物 therefore we prospered in a way that no other species has. 所以我们比任何其他物种都要繁荣先进 In fact, we can even make the "stuff of life" — 事实上我们甚至可以创造“生命本身的东西”– as I just said, all the stuff around us. 如我所说，我们周围的一切 But in fact, it turns out 实际上 that some time around...
Now of course, as history has gone by, 当然，随着历史的演进， it's been natural for there to be a certain amount of bleed between speech and writing. 在言语对话和书面文字表达之间有些交集也是很自然的事情。 So, for example, in a distant era now, 比如说，在以前一个遥远的时代， it was common when one gave a speech to basically talk like writing. 当一个人作演讲，说起话来像在...
And in fact, if I want to speak correctly, Chinese forces me to constantly think about it. 事实上，如果要我不弄错的话，我就要不断的去想这之间的关系。 Now, that fascinated me endlessly as a child, 这是小时候让我很好奇的事情， but what fascinates me even more today as an economist 而现在我作为一个经济学家更加好奇的是 is that some of these same differences carry through to how ...
We always hear that texting is a scourge. 人们总说短信的出现是一种灾难。 The idea is that texting spells the decline and fall of any kind of serious literacy, or at least writing ability, 这么说的原因是短信降低了人们的读写能力，或者至少是书面表达能力， among young people in the United States and now the whole world today. 这个问题影响着美国青年人，今天也变成了全球问题。 The ...
Now how can we think about health behaviors to think about savings? 我们能将健康相关的行为比作储蓄行为么？ Well, think about smoking, for example. Smoking is in some deep sense negative savings. 例如，吸烟这个事情，吸烟可以看作反向的储蓄。 If savings is current pain in exchange for future pleasure, smoking is just the opposite. 如果储蓄是增加当下的痛苦增加未来的快感，那么吸...
One tree is a tree. Two trees together, we have the woods. 一棵树是"木"。两棵树在一起，就是“树林”。 Three trees together, we create the forest. 三棵树在一起，就是“森林”。 Put a plank underneath the tree, we have the foundation. 把一块木板放在树下面，我们就有了“基本”。 Put a mouth on the top of the tree, that's "idiot." 把一张嘴放在树上，那是“呆子”。 E...
In fact, the Tower of Babel story in the Bible is a fable and warning about the power of language. 事实上，圣经里巴别塔的故事就是关于语言能力的一个寓言和警示 According to that story, early humans developed the conceit that, by using their language to work together, 这个故事说，远古的人类变得自以为是，他们以为通过同一种语言一起合作 they could build a tower that would take the...
My daughter came to England from Kuwait. 我的女儿从科威特回到英国。 She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic. 她已经用阿拉伯语学了科学和数学。 It's an Arabic medium school. 那是在一所阿拉伯中校。 She had to translate it into English at her grammar school. 在文法学院学习时，她要把所学的内容翻译成英语。 And she was the best in the class at those subjects. 在她们班...
Or you can go all the way back to 63 A.D. 或者大家可以直接跳转回公元63年。 And there's this poor man who doesn't like the way people are speaking Latin. 有个可怜人不喜欢人们说拉丁语的方式。 As it happens, he was writing about what had become French. 实际上，他正在控诉的是日后形成的法语。 And so, there are always…there are always people worrying about these thin...
What are the characteristics we can control for? 我们能够控制那些特征？ Well I'm going to match families on country of birth and residence, 我考虑的匹配包括出生地和居住地， the demographics — what sex, their age — their income level within their own country, 人口信息–性别、年龄–相对居住国的收入水平， their educational achievement, a lot about thei...
Just to give you a few examples: "ending a pregnancy" versus "killing a fetus;" 这里是一些例子：是“终止怀孕”还是“杀死胚胎” "a ball of cells" versus "an unborn child;" “一个细胞聚合的小球”还是“一个尚未出生的孩子” "invading Iraq" versus "liberating Iraq;" “侵略伊拉克”或是“解放伊拉克” "redistributing wealth" ...
There are lots and lots of ways of measuring time, 在许多计量时间的方法中 but a really bizarre base 60 system 古怪的60进制制度 known as hours and minutes and seconds is nearly universal around the world. 也就是时分秒计量单位，几乎被全世界采用 There are many, many ways of imprinting CDs or DVDs, 有很多很多方法压印CD和DVD but those are all being standardized as well. 但它们也...
If the officer is honest, you get a huge penalty of being arrested for bribery. 如果警官是老实人，你因为行贿被逮起来 So this is a rather fraught situation. 所以情况挺复杂的 On the other hand, with indirect language, if you issue a veiled bribe, 然而，你要是含沙射影地说，如果你含蓄地提出给钱 then the dishonest officer could interpret it as a bribe, 那么不老实的警官可以把它理...
Now, I'm sure most of you have seen the movie "Fargo." 我相信你们中大多数人都看过《冰血暴》这部电影 And you might remember the scene in which the kidnapper is pulled over by a police officer, 你们可能还记得其中的一段：一个警官要绑匪把车开到路边 is asked to show his driver's license and holds his wallet out 叫他出示驾照，绑匪把钱包拿出来 with a 50-dollar bil...
Once you have things in your pocket that can receive that message, 一旦你在口袋里有了能接受这个信息的装置， then you have the conditions that allow that we can write like we speak. 你就有条件来像说话一样打字了。 And that's where texting comes in. And so, texting is very loose in its structure. 这时短信就出现了。所以，短信在结构上非常松散。 No one thinks about capital let...
We see it in the constant appearance of slang and jargon, of the historical change in languages, 我们看到俗语和术语不断产生，历史上语言在变化 in divergence of dialects and the formation of new languages. 方言在分支，新的语言在形成 So language is not so much a creator or shaper of human nature, so much as a window onto human nature. 所以语言并不只是创造、塑造人性之物，同样是...
And just for contrast, we can do this with any word. 相对，你也可以为其他词汇勾勒词景 We can take the word "bye" as in "good bye." 比如“goog bye”(再见)里的“bye”字 And we're now zoomed in over the entrance to the house. 我们放大到房子大门口附近 And we look, and we find, as you would expect, 我们看到，我们发现，你也会想到 a contrast in the landscape whe...
And so fundamentally, rather than, for example, measuring content based on how many people are watching, 从根本上，而不是，比如根据收视率衡量内容 this gives us the basic data for looking at engagement properties of content. 这个给了我们观察这些内容参与性的最基本的资料 And just like we can look at feedback cycles and dynamics in a family, 就跟我们可以看见家里的反馈循环和互动...