So in the Charles Bonnet hallucinations, you have all sorts of levels, from the geometrical hallucinations -- 在邦纳式幻觉中，有好几种等级，从几何幻觉， the pink and blue squares the woman had -- up to quite elaborate hal
Now this, for me, is a common situation. I work in old-age homes, largely. 其实这种现象对我来说并不稀奇，我在养老院工作。 I see a lot of elderly people who are hearing impaired or visually impaired. 认识很多老人是听力或视力受损的。 About 1
And there's been a bunch of interesting studies recently that have shown this playing around is really a kind of experimental research program. 最近有很多有意思的研究显示了孩子的随意尝试，的确可以作为一个研究项目。 Here's one from Cris
What is going on in this baby's mind? If you'd asked people this 30 years ago, 这位宝宝在想什么？如果你在30年前问这个问题， most people, including psychologists, would have said that this baby was irrational, illogical, e
If this is true, if these babies are designed to learn -- and this evolutionary story would say children are for learning, that's what they're for -- 如果第二种解释是真的。那这些小宝宝天生就是学习的料，从进化论来看，他们天生就在学习，学习就是他们的本
Sometimes, she said, before the people come on, she may hallucinate pink and blue squares on the floor, which seem to go up to the ceiling. 她说，有时候在她看到人之前，她还能看到地板上粉色和蓝色的方块跑到天花板上。 I said, "Is this like
Well if we want to think about a way of getting a taste of that kind of baby consciousness as adults, 如果我们大人也想体验一下小孩的那种知觉， I think the best thing is think about cases where we're put in a new situatio
Around 1970, it was found that there were not only parts of the brain, but particular cells. 1970年左右，人们发现特化的不是一块区域，而是相应的脑细胞。 "Face cells" were discovered around 1970. And now we know that there are hu
We see with the eyes, but we see with the brain as well. And seeing with the brain is often called imagination. 我们用眼睛看世界，但我们也用大脑看。用大脑来看，也就是我们常说的想象。 And we are familiar with the landscapes of our own i
She didn't mind the cartoons too much. But what did disturb her was she got very persistent images or hallucinations of faces and as with Rosalie, 她并不大关注那部卡通，让她非常苦恼的是，这些幻觉持续地出现，而且跟罗斯莉的情况一样， the faces
So to test this we used a machine that we have called the Blicket Detector. 为了证明这个观点，我们用了一个叫做玩具侦探的仪器。 This is a box that lights up and plays music when you put some things on it and not others. 如果你在这个
Charles Bonnet said, 250 years ago -- he wondered how, thinking these hallucinations, how, as he put it, the theater of the mind could be generated by the machinery of the brain. 查尔斯·邦纳在250年前在对这些幻觉现象的
And sort of the posterbirds for this idea are the birds up there. 图片上的鸟可以证明这个观点。 On one side is a New Caledonian crow. And crows and other corvidae, ravens, rooks and so forth, are incredibly smart bi
With him and with Rosalie, what seems to be going on -- and Rosalie said, "What's going on?" -- 这种在查尔斯·鲁林和罗斯莉身上发生的让罗斯莉问道“我这是这么了？”的现象 and I said that as you lose vision, as the visual parts of the brai
Well, what's it like to be this kind of creature? What's it like to be one of these brilliant butterflies who can test five hypotheses in two minutes? 当小孩子是什么样一种经历呢？像那些聪明的蝴蝶一样，在两分钟内测试五个假设？ Well, if yo
So the question is: What would the baby give her, what they liked or what she liked? 但大家都想知道：宝宝会给她什么，是贝蒂喜欢的还是自己喜欢的？ And the remarkable thing was that 18 month-old babies, just barely walking and talki
All right, why would we see this correlation? 我们为什么看到这样的一个关联？ Well an idea is that that strategy, that learning strategy, is an extremely powerful, great strategy for getting on in the world, but it h
