Now think of the absurdity of this situation. 现在试想下这种奇怪的状况： If 27 individuals from those 27 member states sat around table, speaking their 23 languages, 如果27个来自各个盟国的人围坐在桌边，说着23种语言 some very simple mat
Any spoken language that's used by real people has them. 任何口语都有这些词语。 If you happen to speak Japanese, think about that little word "ne" that you use at the end of a lot of sentences. 如果你会说日语的话，想想你在很多句
Our species can make stuff, 人类这一物种可以创造事物 therefore we prospered in a way that no other species has. 所以我们比任何其他物种都要繁荣先进 In fact, we can even make the "stuff of life" -- 事实上我们甚至可以创造“生命本身的东西”-- as I just
Now of course, as history has gone by, 当然，随着历史的演进， it's been natural for there to be a certain amount of bleed between speech and writing. 在言语对话和书面文字表达之间有些交集也是很自然的事情。 So, for example, in a distant era
And in fact, if I want to speak correctly, Chinese forces me to constantly think about it. 事实上，如果要我不弄错的话，我就要不断的去想这之间的关系。 Now, that fascinated me endlessly as a child, 这是小时候让我很好奇的事情， but what fascinate
We always hear that texting is a scourge. 人们总说短信的出现是一种灾难。 The idea is that texting spells the decline and fall of any kind of serious literacy, or at least writing ability, 这么说的原因是短信降低了人们的读写能力，或者至少是书面
Now how can we think about health behaviors to think about savings? 我们能将健康相关的行为比作储蓄行为么？ Well, think about smoking, for example. Smoking is in some deep sense negative savings. 例如，吸烟这个事情，吸烟可以看作反向的储蓄。 I
One tree is a tree. Two trees together, we have the woods. 一棵树是"木"。两棵树在一起，就是“树林”。 Three trees together, we create the forest. 三棵树在一起，就是“森林”。 Put a plank underneath the tree, we have the foundation. 把一
In fact, the Tower of Babel story in the Bible is a fable and warning about the power of language. 事实上，圣经里巴别塔的故事就是关于语言能力的一个寓言和警示 According to that story, early humans developed the conceit that, by us
My daughter came to England from Kuwait. 我的女儿从科威特回到英国。 She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic. 她已经用阿拉伯语学了科学和数学。 It's an Arabic medium school. 那是在一所阿拉伯中校。 She had to translate it into Englis
Or you can go all the way back to 63 A.D. 或者大家可以直接跳转回公元63年。 And there's this poor man who doesn't like the way people are speaking Latin. 有个可怜人不喜欢人们说拉丁语的方式。 As it happens, he was writing about what ha
What are the characteristics we can control for? 我们能够控制那些特征？ Well I'm going to match families on country of birth and residence, 我考虑的匹配包括出生地和居住地， the demographics -- what sex, their age -- their incom
Just to give you a few examples: "ending a pregnancy" versus "killing a fetus;" 这里是一些例子：是“终止怀孕”还是“杀死胚胎” "a ball of cells" versus "an unborn child;" “一个细胞聚合的小球”还是“一个尚未出生的孩子” "invading Iraq" versus "lib
There are lots and lots of ways of measuring time, 在许多计量时间的方法中 but a really bizarre base 60 system 古怪的60进制制度 known as hours and minutes and seconds is nearly universal around the world. 也就是时分秒计量单位，几乎被
If the officer is honest, you get a huge penalty of being arrested for bribery. 如果警官是老实人，你因为行贿被逮起来 So this is a rather fraught situation. 所以情况挺复杂的 On the other hand, with indirect language, if you iss
Now, I'm sure most of you have seen the movie "Fargo." 我相信你们中大多数人都看过《冰血暴》这部电影 And you might remember the scene in which the kidnapper is pulled over by a police officer, 你们可能还记得其中的一段：一个警官要绑匪把车开到路边 is
Once you have things in your pocket that can receive that message, 一旦你在口袋里有了能接受这个信息的装置， then you have the conditions that allow that we can write like we speak. 你就有条件来像说话一样打字了。 And that's where textin
We see it in the constant appearance of slang and jargon, of the historical change in languages, 我们看到俗语和术语不断产生，历史上语言在变化 in divergence of dialects and the formation of new languages. 方言在分支，新的语言在形成 So l
And just for contrast, we can do this with any word. 相对，你也可以为其他词汇勾勒词景 We can take the word "bye" as in "good bye." 比如“goog bye”(再见)里的“bye”字 And we're now zoomed in over the entrance to the house. 我们放大
And so fundamentally, rather than, for example, measuring content based on how many people are watching, 从根本上，而不是，比如根据收视率衡量内容 this gives us the basic data for looking at engagement properties of conte
