One of the most common ways of dividing the world 一个把人类分成两大部分很普遍的方法 is into those who believe and those who don't--into the religious and the atheists. 便是分为相信神的存在的一部分，以及不相信宗教信仰的另一部分--宗教教徒和无神论者 And
Now, let me spend the rest of my time on the third big problem, 现在，让我把余下的时间花在对第三个重大问题的探讨上。 because it's more subtle and perhaps difficult to grasp. 因为这个问题更加微妙，也可能难以把握。 Think about some time in you
I want to talk today about 今天我所要讲的是 I've been asked to take the long view, 他们让我谈谈长远的观点 and I'm going to tell you what I think are the three biggest problems for humanity from this long point o
Existential risk -- the second big problem. 存在风险——第二个重大问题。 Existential risk is a threat to human survival, or to the long-term potential of our species. 存在风险是对人类生存，或对整个人类种群的长远潜能的一种威胁。 Now, why do I sa
Imagine a species that just didn't have this neural machinery for processing music. 假设有这样一个物种，它们刚好没有能够处理音乐的神经装置。 And they would just stare at us with bafflement 当我们花时间聆听一曲美妙的演奏时， when we spend tim
But part of the reason 但另一方面的原因 and that's the reason why we have ethical ground for pursuing these 即从人类的本质上看，它们也是很有价值的， is that they're also intrinsically valuable. 这也是为什么我们拥有追求这些特质的道德基础。 It&
So then, you move off to this larger sphere of "human +," 那么，然后我们迈步来到这片更大的人类空间， and you could continue that process 我们不断地前进， and eventually explore a lot of this larger space of possible mod
Now, when we think about changing human nature, 那么，当我们考虑改变人类本质时， the first thing that comes to mind are these human modification technologies 首先想到的便是那些人类改造技术 growth hormone therapy, cosmetic surgery,
So if you think about what it means to learn arithmetic or to learn to read, 因此，如果你思考学习算术和阅读意义何在， you're actually, literally rewriting your own brain. 那实际上你就是在重写你自己的大脑。 You're changing the mic
That's probably not all that difficult. 这也许并不是太难做到的事情。 It might just be a simple hormone or something that could do this. 可能只需要一种普通激素或其它什么材料。 It's been done in voles. 人们在田鼠身上做过这种实验。 You can en
