Now, let me spend the rest of my time on the third big problem, 现在，让我把余下的时间花在对第三个重大问题的探讨上。 because it's more subtle and perhaps difficult to grasp. 因为这个问题更加微妙，也可能难以把握。 Think about some time in you
I would say that there are many, many gaps in secular life and these can be plugged. 我觉得世俗的世界是有许多缺点的，但是那些缺点是可以被弥补的 It's not as though, as I try to suggest, 但这不是说 it's not as though either you
Now, this nice picture shows a thought-balloon, a thought-bubble. 好了，这张图展示的是一个“思维泡泡”。 I think everybody understands what that means. 我想大家都知道这是什么意思。 That's supposed to exhibit the stream of conscio
He likes chocolate, he likes vanilla. 他喜欢巧克力，他喜欢香草 There's nothing that one should be able to say to the other that should persuade the other. 无论跟他们说什么，都不能改变他们。 Notice that we don't do this in
I want to talk today about 今天我所要讲的是 I've been asked to take the long view, 他们让我谈谈长远的观点 and I'm going to tell you what I think are the three biggest problems for humanity from this long point o
My view is that museums should take a leaf out of the book of religions. 我觉得艺术馆应该向宗教学习 And they should make sure that when you walk into a museum -- if I was a museum curator, 艺术馆应该确保，当游客走进馆内时候--如果我是馆
We recognize them in relation to corporations. 我们还认同他们像个企业 And corporations are very like religions in many ways, except they're right down at the bottom of the pyramid of needs. 公司企业和宗教有些相似之处，不过企
So, some combustible material there. 让我提出一些争议性的问题 Whether in this audience or people elsewhere in the world, 这里有某些人，或现在在世界上别的角落 hearing some of this, may well be doing the screaming-with-rage thing, a
In fact, most of us do, 事实上，我们大多数也会拒绝 whether we're atheist or theist or anywhere in between or beyond, for that matter, 无论我们是无神论者或有神论者，或中间派或超越二者，就此而言 what drives us is that, despite our doubts an
Existential risk -- the second big problem. 存在风险——第二个重大问题。 Existential risk is a threat to human survival, or to the long-term potential of our species. 存在风险是对人类生存，或对整个人类种群的长远潜能的一种威胁。 Now, why do I sa
Writing biography is a strange thing to do. 撰写传记是一件不可思议的事情 It's a journey into the foreign territory of somebody else's life, 记下别人的一生就如异国旅程一样 a journey, an exploration that can take you places
Imagine a species that just didn't have this neural machinery for processing music. 假设有这样一个物种，它们刚好没有能够处理音乐的神经装置。 And they would just stare at us with bafflement 当我们花时间聆听一曲美妙的演奏时， when we spend tim
In effect, they are the infidels. 实际上，他们才是异教徒 Like fundamentalists of all religious stripes, they have no questions, only answers. 像所有不同宗教的原教旨主义者一样，他们没有发问问题，只有答案 They found the perfect antidote to tho
But part of the reason 但另一方面的原因 and that's the reason why we have ethical ground for pursuing these 即从人类的本质上看，它们也是很有价值的， is that they're also intrinsically valuable. 这也是为什么我们拥有追求这些特质的道德基础。 It&
In fact, the endurance of religion as a lens through which most people view moral questions 事实上，在许久以来，宗教成为人们关注道德的角度 has separated most moral talk from real questions of human and animal suffering. 让所有
And we know that it's possible to move along this continuum 我们知道我们可以解决这些持续已久的问题 towards something quite a bit more idyllic, 走向一个较为理想的状况 to a place where a conference like this is even conceivable.
The other thing that religions know is we're not just brains, we are also bodies. 宗教还知道我们人类不仅仅有智慧，我们还有躯体 And when they teach us a lesson, they do it via the body. 所以他们通过身体来教会我们道理 So for example, t
And so therefore whatever cultural variation there is in how human beings flourish 于是不管有多少不同文化对人类的幸福有多少不同想法 can, at least in principle, be understood in the context of a maturing science of the mind -
I'm interested in the kind of constituency that thinks something along these lines: 我对有些情况非常感兴趣，有些人会说： that thinks, "I can't believe in any of this stuff. “我完全不相信这些宗教 I can't believe
If you went to a top university -- let's say you went to Harvard or Oxford or Cambridge -- 如果你去顶尖学府，像是哈佛，牛津，或者剑桥 and you said, "I've come here because I'm in search of morality, guida
