TED演讲:动画如何帮助科学家检验假说(1)
Take a look at this drawing. Can you tell what it is?
请看这幅图。大家知道这是什么吗？
I’m a molecular biologist by training, and I’ve seen a lot of these kinds of drawings.
我是一个接受过训练的分子生物学家，因此我已经看过了很多这类图片。
They’re usually referred to as a model figure, a drawing that shows how we think a cellular or molecular process occurs.
他们通常被称作模型图片，展示我们对细胞或分子过程是如何进行的理解。
This particular drawing is of a process called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
这幅图描述的是这样一个过程，它叫网格蛋白介质的内吞。
It’s a process by which a molecule can get from the outside of the cell to the inside
该过程是指一个分子可以从细胞外转运入细胞内，
by getting captured in a bubble or a vesicle that then gets internalized by the cell.
转入的方式是通过先被捕捉进小泡或囊中，随后被细胞内在化。
There’s a problem with this drawing, though, and it’s mainly in what it doesn’t show.
但这幅图有一个问题，这个问题主要是这幅图所没有表现的东西。
From lots of experiments, from lots of different scientists,
从大量的实验中，从大量不同的科学家身上，
we know a lot about what these molecules look like, how they move around in the cell,
我们对这些分子的样子，它们是如何在细胞内移动的了解很多，
and that this is all taking place in an incredibly dynamic environment.
这些都发生在一个不可思议的动态的环境中。
So in collaboration with a clathrin expert Tomas Kirchhausen,
因此，在与网格蛋白专家托马斯·科切豪斯合作中，
we decided to create a new kind of model figure that showed all of that.
我们决定创造一个新的模型图片，它可以展示所有的细节。
So we start outside of the cell. Now we’re looking inside.
于是我们从细胞外开始。现在，我们看到的是内部。
Clathrin are these three-legged molecules that can self-assemble into soccer-ball-like shapes.
网格蛋白就是那些三条腿的分子，它们可以自己组合成足球的形状。
Through connections with a membrane,
通过膜的相互连接，
clathrin is able to deform the membrane and form this sort of a cup that forms this sort of a bubble, or a vesicle,
网格蛋白可以使膜发生变形，然后形成这种像杯子一样的形状，接着形成这种像小泡或小囊样的形状，
that’s now capturing some of the proteins that were outside of the cell.
现在它正在捕捉一些细胞外的蛋白质。
Proteins are coming in now that basically pinch off this vesicle, making it separate from the rest of the membrane,
蛋白质正在进入，基本上掐断了小囊，使得它从膜上分离开来，
and now clathrin is basically done with its job, and so proteins are coming in now
现在，网格蛋白基本上已经完成了它的使命，于是，蛋白质就进来了，
we’ve covered them yellow and orange — that are responsible for taking apart this clathrin cage.
我们用黄色和橙色来标记它们，它们负责将网格蛋白形成的笼子拆开。
And so all of these proteins can get basically recycled and used all over again.
于是所有这些蛋白质基本上都可以循环，重新加以利用。
三维动画能够将科学假说带进生活当中。分子生物学家（和TED成员）珍妮特.伊瓦萨介绍了一款新的为科学家们设计的开源动画软件。