英语沙龙:Education and Schooling
Education and Schooling
It is commonly believed in the United States
that school is where people go to get an education.
Nevertheless,
it has been said
that today children interrupt their education to go to school.
The distinction between schooling and education
implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.
Education knows no bounds.
It can take place anywhere,
whether in the shower or on the job;
whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.
It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools
and the whole universe of informal learning.
The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent
to the people debating politics on the radio,
from a child to a distinguished scientist.
Whereas schooling has a certain predictability,
education quite often produces surprises.
A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover
how little he knows of other religions.
People are engaged in education from infancy on.
Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.
It is a lifelong process,
a process that starts long before the start of school,
and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process,
whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.
Throughout a country,
children arrive at school at approximately the same time,
take assigned seats, are taught by an adult,
use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.
The slices of reality that are to be learned,
whether they are the alphabet
or an understanding of the workings of government,
have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.
For example,
high school students know
that they are not likely to find out in their classes
the truth about political problems in their communities
or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.
There are definite conditions
surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
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