英文欣赏：人类的精神 (威廉.福克纳)
编者按：
这是1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主威廉.福克纳获奖时发表的著名演说，文中勉励作家必须提升自己的心灵，时时以爱、怜悯与牺牲来唤醒人类亘古的真理。
The Spirit of Man / William Faulkner
I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work — a life’s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.
He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed — love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.
Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure: that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.
The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.
1. agony n.(极度的)痛苦，创痛
2. commensurate a.同样大小的，相称的
3. pinnacle n.顶点
4. ephemeral a.朝生暮死的，生命短暂的
5. tideless adj. 无潮(汐)的
6. inexhaustible a.用不完的，取之不竭的
7. prop vt.支撑 n.支柱，支撑物；支持者，靠山
8. pillar n.柱，支柱；台柱，栋梁
人类的精神 (威廉.福克纳)
这是1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主威廉.福克纳获奖时发表的著名演说，文中勉励作家必须提升自己的心灵，时时以爱、怜悯与牺牲来唤醒人类亘古的真理。
我感到这份奖赏不是授予我个人的，而是授予我的工作的， ——授予我一生从事关于人类精神的呕心沥血的工作。我从事这项工作，不是为名，更不是为利，而是为了从人的 精神原料中创造出一些从前不曾有过的东西。因此，这份奖金只不过是托我保管而已。作出符合这份奖赏的原意与目的，与其奖金部分有相等价值的献词并不难，但我还愿 意利用这个时刻，利用这个举世瞩目的讲坛，向那些可能听到我说话并已献身于同一艰苦劳动的男、女青年致敬。 他们中肯定有人有一天也会站到我现在站着的地方来的。
我们今天的悲剧是人们普遍存在一种生理上的恐惧，这种恐惧存在已久，以致我们已经习惯了。现在不存在精神上的问题，唯一的问题是：我什么时候会被炸得粉身碎骨？正因入此，今天从事写作的男、女青年已经忘 记了人类内心的冲突。然而，只有接触到这种内心冲突 才能产生出好作品，因为这是唯一值得写、值得呕心沥 血地去写地题材。
他一定要重新认识这些问题。他必须使自己明白世间 最可鄙的事情莫过于恐惧。他必须使自己永远忘却恐惧， 在他的工作室里除了心底古老的真理之外，不允许任何 别的东西有容身之地。没有这古老的普遍真理，任何小 说都只能昙花一现，不会成功；这些真理就是爱情、荣誉、怜悯、自尊、同情与牺牲等感情。若是他做不到这 样，他的气力终归白费。他不是写爱情而是写情欲，他写的失败是没有人失去可贵东西的失败，他写的胜利是 没有希望、更糟地是，甚至没有怜悯或同情的胜利。他不是为遍地白骨而悲伤，所以留不下深刻的痕迹。他不是在写心灵而是在写器官。
在他重新懂得这些之前，他写作时，就犹如站在处于世界末日的人类中去观察末日的来临。我不接受人类末日的说法。因人能传种接代而说人是不朽的，这很容易。说即使最后一次钟声已经消失，消失在再也没有潮 水冲刷的映在落日余晖里的海上的最后一块无用礁石旁时，还会有一个声音，人类微弱的、不断的说话声，这也很容易。但是我不能接受这种说法。我相信人类不仅 能传种接代，而且能战胜一切而永存。人之不朽不是因为在动物中惟独他永远能发言，而是因为他有灵魂，有同情心、有牺牲和忍耐精神。
诗人和作家的责任就是把 这些写出来。诗人和作家的特殊光荣就是去鼓舞人的斗志，使人记住过去曾经有过的光荣——人类曾有过的勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯与牺牲精神——已达到不朽。诗人的声音不应只是人类的记录，而应是使人类永存并得到胜利的支柱和栋梁。
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