英语沙龙:How names are called in America
How names are called in America
People generally call each other by their first names much sooner in their acquaintance than people do in other walks of life.Taking that liberty too soon has closed many doors for the offender.Therefore,one must sense the proper moment to drop formal address and adopt subtle measures to prevent unwelcome intimate address.If you have been accepted wholeheartedly into a group,however important first names are in the world’s eyes,it would be conspicuous1) for you to continue beyond a certain time to call them by their last names,such as Mr.Robinson and Mrs.Harvin.
If an older woman enjoys having young people call her first name,she will ask you to do so－－otherwise don’t.In the business circle,many people think it demeaning to be called by the first name,it is best to use ‘Mr.’‘Miss’ with a business superior or an employer.
A divorcee can ask the courts for her maiden name2) if there are no children.But usually the woman of taste,with or without children,takes after divorce her maiden name with the divorced husband’s name.The remarried divorcee with children does not incorporate3) her divorced husband’s name in her new one.The children retain their real father’s name,unless by legal adoption they take the name of the mother’s new husband.
Husband and wife call each other “Mr.” and “Mrs.”when speaking to people who are not their equals.To acquaintances they call each other “my husband” and “my wife”.To friends,they refer to each other their first names.
Army officers are called by their titles in speech.Catholic priests are called “Father”.A senator4) is customarily called “Senator” all of his life．A congressman5) is called “Mr.” both in and out of office.An ambassad6) or is called “Mr.Ambassador”.
称谓在美国
在熟人圈中，人们通常很快就会彼此直呼大名，比在其他的人群中要快得多。过快地不分你我会使许多人不高兴与你交往。故此，何时应撇开正式称呼，何时应避免不受欢迎的亲密称呼，就得审时度势，选择时机。如果你被真诚地纳入一个圈子中，不管直呼其名在世人眼中如何重要，对你来说，显然在刚接触的一段时间内，仍要称呼人家的姓氏，如鲁宾逊先生和哈文太太。
如果一位老妇人喜欢年轻人叫她的名字，她会告诉你这样做。否则，不可。在商业圈里，许多人认为直呼其名有失身分。所以，对上司或雇主最好称“先生”或“小姐”。
离婚的女性如无子女，她可以要求法庭恢复其娘家姓。但是有风范的女子，不管有无子女，离婚后用娘家姓，但要加上前夫之姓。有了孩子的再婚妇女不再用前夫的姓，而用新丈夫的姓。但是孩子仍随亲生父亲之姓，除非通过合法的收养手续，孩子可以随继父之姓。
夫妻在生人面前互称“先生”和“太太”。对熟人，他们互称“我丈夫”和“我太太”。对朋友，他们喜欢彼此直呼其名。
同军官讲话时，人们以其军衔称谓。天主教的牧师被称作“神父”。总统被称作“总统先生”。参议员习惯上终生被称作“参议员”。众议员无论在位与否均被称作“先生”。大使的称谓为“大使先生”。
NOTE 注释：
1. conspicuous adj. 显著的；显而易见的
2. one’s maiden name 女子的娘家姓
3. incorporate vt. 合并
4. senator n. 参议员
5. congressman n. 众议院议员
6. ambassador n. 大使
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