TED演讲之神奇奥秘 艾莉森·高普尼克:婴儿在想什么?(7)
And there’s been a bunch of interesting studies recently that have shown this playing around is really a kind of experimental research program.
最近有很多有意思的研究显示了孩子的随意尝试，的确可以作为一个研究项目。
Here’s one from Cristine Legare’s lab. What Cristine did was use our Blicket Detectors.
这是克里斯汀·勒加雷的一项实验。克里斯汀使用了我们的玩具侦探仪器。
And what she did was show children that yellow ones made it go and red ones didn’t, and then she showed them an anomaly.
她向孩子展示黄色才能启动仪器，红色不行，然后又向孩子们展示了一个奇怪现象。
And what you’ll see is that this little boy will go through five hypotheses in the space of two minutes.
你等一下就可以看到这个小男孩会在两分钟内测试五个假设。
(Video) How about this? Same as the other side.
（视频) 这个怎么样？这边也一样。
Okay, so his first hypothesis has just been falsified.
所以他的第一个假设已经被否认了。
This one lighted up, and this one nothing. Okay, he’s got his experimental notebook out.
这个亮了，这个没有。看到没有，他开始记笔记了。
What’s making this light up. I don’t know.
这盏灯为什么亮呢。我不知道。
Every scientist will recognize that expression of despair.
科学家们都见过这种绝望的表情。
Oh, it’s because this needs to be like this, and this needs to be like this.
我知道了。这个要这样，然后这个是这样。
Okay, hypothesis two. That’s why. Oh.
第二个假设。我知道了。哦。
Now this is his next idea. He told the experimenter to do this, to try putting it out onto the other location. Not working either.
他有了第三个想法。他告诉实验者这样做，试着把它放在一边。还是不行
Oh, because the light goes only to here, not here. Oh, the bottom of this box has electricity in here, but this doesn’t have electricity.
啊，因为只有这里会亮，这里不会。盒子下面呢，这里有电，但这边没电。
Okay, that’s a fourth hypothesis.
他的第四个假设。
It’s lighting up. So when you put four. So you put four on this one to make it light up and two on this one to make it light up.
亮了。你要在上面放四个。你在这上面摆四个，这上面摆两个。
Okay,there’s his fifth hypothesis.
测试他的第五个假设。
Now that is a particularly — that is a particularly adorable and articulate little boy, but what Cristine discovered is this is actually quite typical.
这个小男孩—— 特别可爱，说话也很清楚，但是克里斯汀的发现其实很正常。
If you look at the way children play, when you ask them to explain something, what they really do is do a series of experiments.
如果你在小孩玩的时候观察他们，或是要他们回答某个问题，他们会做一系列的尝试。
This is actually pretty typical of four year-olds.
这对于四岁的儿童来说很普遍。
演讲简介：
心理学家艾莉森·高普尼克说：“婴儿和小孩子就像人类的研究部和开发部一样。”她的研究探索了婴儿们在每天玩耍时如何积累智慧和作出抉择。