TED演讲之神童 大家的科学,儿童亦然(5)
The puzzle we came up with was an if-then rule.
我们想出的难题是个”如果-则“规则。
We asked the bees to learn not just to go to a certain color, but to a certain color flower only when it’s in a certain pattern.
我们要求蜜蜂学会不仅仅是飞向某种特定颜色，而是飞向形成了特定图案的特定颜色的花朵。
They were only rewarded if they went to the yellow flowers if the yellow flowers were surrounded by the blue, or if the blue flowers were surrounded by the yellow.
只有当黄色花朵被蓝色花朵包围，又或者蓝色花朵被黄色花朵包围时，他们飞向黄色花朵才能获得奖赏。
Now there’s a number of different rules the bees can learn to solve this puzzle. The interesting question is, which?
现在蜜蜂可以学来解决问题的规律有好几条。有趣的问题是，哪一条？
What was really exciting about this project was we, and Beau, had no idea whether it would work.
这个实验最激动人心的地方在于，我们，还有Beau,根本不知道这实验会不会奏效。
It was completely new, and no one had done it before, including adults.
这是个全新的实验，过去从没人做过，包括大人们。
Including the teachers, and that was really hard for the teachers.
也包括老师们，对于老师们来说那真是太难了。
It’s easy for a scientist to go in and not have a clue what he’s doing,
对于科学家来说一般进入实验室后就毫无头绪，
because that’s what we do in the lab, but for a teacher not to know what’s going to happen at the end of the day —
因为我们在实验室就是这么干的，但是对于老师来说，到一天结束不知将要发生什么——
so much of the credit goes to Dave Strudwick, who was the collaborator on this project.
于是我们把任务交给了Dave Strudwick，也就是这个计划的合作者。
Okay? So I’m not going to go through the whole details of the study because actually you can read about it, but the next step is observation.
好接着我将讲述关于这个研究更多的细节，因为实际上你可以读到它，但是下一步是观察。
So here are some of the students doing the observations. They’re recording the data of where the bees fly.
这里是一些学生们观察时的视频。他们正在记录蜜蜂往哪飞的数据。
So what we’re going to do 5C. Is she still going up here?
所以我们要做的是——5C。她还在往上飞吗？
Yeah. So you keep track of each. Henry, can you help me here?
是啊。那你们记录每一只的路线。Henry，你能给我帮下手吗？
“Can you help me, Henry?” What good scientist says that, right?
”你能给我帮下手吗，Henry?”牛逼的科学家就是这么说的，对吗？
There’s two up there. And three in here.
那儿有两只。这儿有三只。
Right? So we’ve got our observations. We’ve got our data. They do the simple mathematics, averaging, etc., etc. And now we want to share.
看到了？所以我们得到了我们的观察结果。我们得到了我们的数据。他们做了简单的数学运算，平均，等等。然后我们想和大家分享结果。
That’s the next step. So we’re going to write this up and try to submit this for publication. Right?
这就是下一步。 于是我们要把这些写下来并且投稿发表。对吗？
So we have to write it up. So we go, of course, to the pub. All right? The one on the left is mine, okay?
所以我们把它写了下来。所以我们去了，当然啦，去了夜店。左边的那个杯子是我喝的，看到了？
Now, I tell them, a paper has four different sections: an introduction, a methods, a results, a discussion.
现在，我告诉他们，一份报告由四部分组成：引言，方法，结论，讨论。
The introduction says, what’s the question and why? Methods, what did you do?
引言就是，问题是什么以及为什么？方法就是，你们做了什么？
Results, what was the observation? And the discussion is, who cares? Right? That’s a science paper, basically.
结论就是，观察结果是什么？讨论就是，谁关心它？对吗？基本上，这就是一份科学报告。
演讲简介：
科学与玩乐有何共通之处？神经学家Beau Lotto认为所有人（包括儿童）都应参与科学，并通过探索发现的过程来改变他们的感知。他的另一位演讲者，12岁的Amy O’Toole，她以及她的其他25位同班同学，经同行评议后发表了第一篇由在校儿童撰写的关于“Blackawton蜜蜂计划”文章。它的开头是，“从前……”