Syllabus of 2023 WSC
世界学者杯是一个广泛涵盖六大学科的国际竞赛，每个学科都包含许多专业的学术要点。举例来说，历史学科可能包括各个时期的重要事件和人物，社会学学科可能涉及到不同社会结构和组织方式，科学学科可能涉及到不同领域的基础知识和前沿研究，艺术学科可能包括不同时期和地区的艺术作品和流派，文学学科可能涉及到不同时间和地区的文学作品和文学理论，通识学科则可能包括哲学、道德和文化等方面的知识。...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 50:Cells and Temperature
Cells and Temperature Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37C;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fl...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 2 Schooling and Education
Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education kno...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 36:Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor Sp
Plate Tectonics and Sea-floor Spreading The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere, the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle. The lithosphere(n.[地]岩石圈)is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and shapes, in general the plates are in motion with respect to one anot...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 47:Folk Cultures
Folk Cultures A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal. Relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes inf...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 43:Statistics
Statistics There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of government units (states and statistics come from the same Latin root status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. T...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 4:Electricity
Lesson 4:Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in ...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 16:The war between Britain and
In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, south Africa ,the West Indies, and Latin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its anta...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 19:children’s numerical skills
19.children’s numerical skills people appear to born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impress accuracy—one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five ...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 39:The Salinity of Ocean Waters
The Salinity of Ocean Waters If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation— conversion of liquid water to w...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 32:Botany
Botany Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but form what we can observe of pre- industrial societies that s...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 18:Modern American Universities
Modern American Universities Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university....
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 21:The Origin of Sports
The Origin of Sports When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much older than humankind, for , as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers ar...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 10:Types of Speech
Types of Speech Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by ...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 42:Coal-fired power plants
42.Coal-fired power plants The invention of the incandescent light bulb by Thomas A. Edison in 1879 created a demand for a cheap, readily available fuel with which to generate large amounts of electric power. Coal seemed to fit the bill, and it fueled the earliest power stations. (which were set up at the end of the nineteenth century by Edison himself). As more power...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 25:Movie Music
Movie Music Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 24:Piano
Piano The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries — the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 9:Suburbanization
Suburbanization If by “suburb” is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conv...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 20:The Historical Significance of A
The Historical Significance of American Revolution The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events covering a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual or social movement; yet the historical process which culminated in...
新东方背诵文选 Lesson 5:The Beginning of Drama
The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various...