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you can isolate it, and it works very much like carbon fiber.

你可以对它进行分离，它的性质跟碳纤维非常相似。

So, take that from a tree, form it into fibers, and then those fibers can strengthen things, such as airplanes, buildings, cars.

从树木中提取纤维素，接着再制成纤维，然后这些纤维能用来加固东西，例如飞机、建筑物、汽车。

The advantage of this, though, is it’s not just bioderived, comes from a renewable resource,

这一做法的优点是，纳米纤维不仅仅来自于可再生的生物资源，

but also that it is transparent, so it can be used in consumer electronics, as well as food packaging.

同时它还是透明的，因此可以应用在消费电子产品和食品包装上。

Not bad for something that basically comes from the backyard.

这种再利用还不错吧！

Another one from the biosource is synthetic spider silk.

另一种来自生物界的材料是合成蜘蛛丝。

Now, it’s very hard to actually create spider silk naturally,

用天然的方法制造蜘蛛丝是很难的，

you can basically get it from spiders, but in large numbers, they tend to kill each other,

你只能从蜘蛛获得蜘蛛丝，但蜘蛛数量多了，它们会自相残杀，

eat each other, so you’ve got a problem with creating it, in the same way you do with regular silk.

互相蚕食，所以如果你像收集蚕丝那样去收集蜘蛛丝的话，就会遇到问题。

So what you can do is instead take the DNA from the spider, and put it into various different things.

那么，你可以做的就是从蜘蛛中提取DNA，并将它放到不同的地方培养。

You can put it into bacteria, you can put it into yeast, you can put it into milk.

你可以把它放到细菌里，放到酵母里，放到牛奶里。

And what you can do then is, the milk or the bacteria produce in much larger volumes and then from that,

之后，你能做的是，当牛奶或细菌产生大量的丝状物后，

spin a yarn and then create a fabric or a rope. Again, bioderived, has incredible strength — about the same as Kevlar,

提取出来纺纱，接着制作织物或绳子。它来源于生物，有着惊人的强度，大约和芳纶纤维一样强，

so they’re using it in things like bulletproof vests and helmets and outdoor jackets.

因此可以用来制作防弹背心和头盔，以及户外夹克。

It has a great performance. But again, it’s bioderived, and at the end of its life, it potentially can go back into the soil

性能十分出众。但别忘了，这是生物衍生物，当它不再有使用价值时，就可以变成土地里的肥料，

and get composted to again be potentially used as a new material.

作为一种新的东西重新被利用。

I’d like to leave you with one last form which is biobased, but this, I think, is like the ultimate thrift.

最后，我还想给你们介绍一种基于生物的产品，而我觉得，这才是终极的节俭。

Think about the poster child for conspicuous consumption. It’s the water bottle.

想想挥霍式消费的典型代表，那就是矿泉水瓶。

We have too many of them, they’re basically going everywhere, they’re a problem in the ocean.

我们有非常多的这样的水瓶，它们无处不在，是海洋污染重要来源之一。

安德鲁·登特认为，没有什么东西是应该扔掉的——当你将用过的食品容器、玩坏的玩具或者旧袜子扔进垃圾桶时，它们最终将不可避免地被运到垃圾场。但我们可以改进产品的生产和再生产方式。登特分享了关于节俭的几个例子，如利用和重新利用你需要的东西而不总是买新的，材料科学的进步——如用纳米纤维制作的电子产品，以及用酶让塑料变得可无限循环利用。