TED演讲之2.0版城市:如何重新设计公寓建筑(1)
When, in 1960, still a student,
1960年我还是学生时，
I got a traveling fellowship
拿到出国留学的奖学金，
to study housing in North America.
研究北美的住宅建筑。
We traveled the country.
我们游遍美国，
We saw public housing high-rise buildings in all major cities:
看到所有大城市里的公共住宅大楼：
New York, Philadelphia.
象是纽约、费城。
Those who have no choice lived there.
那些人别无选择，只能住在那里。
And then we traveled from suburb to suburb,
之后我们参访各个郊区，
and I came back thinking,
回来后我想
we've got to reinvent the apartment building.
我们应该重新创造公寓建筑。
There has to be another way of doing this.
应该要有其它方式来盖这些房子。
We can't sustain suburbs,
我们无法做到郊区般的住宅质量，
so let's design a building
那就设计一座建筑，
which gives the qualities of a house to each unit.
让家家户户都能拥有像一栋房屋般的质量。
Habitat would be all about gardens,
"栖地"最重要的就是花园，
contact with nature,
与自然和街道亲近，
streets instead of corridors.
而非面对窄小回廊。
We prefabricated it so we would achieve economy,
为了节省经费，我们运用组合屋，
and there it is almost 50 years later.
这个地方存在将近50年了，
It's a very desirable place to live in.
还是个让人向往入住的地区。
It's now a heritage building,
现在已经是老建筑了，
but it did not proliferate.
但这种建筑并没有扩张出去。
In 1973, I made my first trip to China.
我在1973年首次造访中国，
It was the Cultural Revolution.
当时正值文化大革命时期。
We traveled the country,
我们走遍全国，
met with architects and planners.
和一些建筑师、规划师见面。
This is Beijing then,
这是当时的北京，
not a single high rise building
没有一栋高楼大厦
in Beijing or Shanghai.
存在北京或上海之中。
Shenzhen didn't even exist as a city.
深圳甚至谈不上是个城市，
There were hardly any cars.
那里连车子都没有。
Thirty years later,
30年后，
this is Beijing today.
这是现在的北京。
This is Hong Kong.
这是香港。
If you're wealthy, you live there,
如果你很有钱，就会住在这，
if you're poor, you live there,
如果你很穷，就会住在这，
but high density it is, and it's not just Asia.
但并非只有亚洲的环境如此密集。
So Paulo, you can travel
圣保罗也是，
in a helicopter 45 minutes
你可以花45分钟在直升机上，
seeing those high-rise buildings consume
看那些高楼大厦吞噬
the 19th-century low-rise environment.
19世纪矮房子的环境。
And with it, comes congestion,
结果造成交通壅塞、
and we lose mobility, and so on and so forth.
城市拥挤等问题。
So a few years ago, we decided to go back
因此几年前，
and rethink Habitat.
我们决定回头重新思考"栖地"。
Could we make it more affordable?
我们能让价格更平易近人吗？
Could we actually achieve this quality of life
我们真能达到这样的生活质量，
in the densities that are prevailing today?
即使是在现今普遍稠密的环境吗？
And we realized, it's basically about light,
我们了解基本上和光源有关，
it's about sun, it's about nature,
和太阳有关，和自然有关，
it's about fractalization.
和碎形化有关。
Can we open up the surface of the building
我们能不能展开建筑的表面，
so that it has more contact with the exterior?
让它和外界有更多接触？
We came up with a number of models:
我们想出一些模型：
economy models, cheaper to build and more compact;
经济实惠的模型，建造的费用更低、更精巧；
membranes of housing
膜状的住房
where people could design their own house
大家可以设计自宅的外部，
and create their own gardens.
打造自己的花园。
演讲简介：
1967年，摩西·萨夫迪重新定义了独栋公寓楼，打造了“人居67号”。这给了每个住宅单位前所未有的开放性。近50年后，他认为这类建筑的需求更大了。在这简短的演讲中，萨夫迪设计了一系列的高层项目，它们密度高但照顾到了采光与通透感。
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