SDcamps•演辩营全国英语演讲与辩论赛
So imagine you're at a party, and you can't believe that your friend or your spouse 假设你在参加派对，你无法接受你的朋友或者是配偶， isn't picking up on it that you want to leave early. 竟然没有注意到你想要早点离开。 And you're thinking, "I gave you the look." 你会想，“我向你使过眼色了。” With a stranger, we have to start from scratch. 对待陌生人的...
So, here it is. 所以总的来说， When you talk to strangers, you're making beautiful interruptions 当你在与陌生人聊天的时候，你通过介绍自己的经历， into the expected narrative of your daily life and theirs. 对自己和别人的生活进行了非常美妙的打扰。 You're making unexpected connections. 你们建立起了未曾预料过的联系。 If you don't talk to strangers, you're missing...
In Egypt, I'm told, it's rude to ignore a stranger, 在埃及，有人告诉我，无视陌生人是十分没有礼貌的做法， and there's a remarkable culture of hospitality. 并且有很多关于友善的文化。 Strangers might ask each other for a sip of water. 陌生人之间可以分享饮用水， Or, if you ask someone for directions, they're very likely to invite you home for coffee. 或者如果你向...
Another is what I call noticing. 另外个技巧我称它为"关注"。 This is usually giving a compliment. 一般在这种情况下要赞美别人。 I'm a big fan of noticing people's shoes. 我十分注意别人的鞋子， I'm actually not wearing fabulous shoes right now, but shoes are fabulous in general. 虽然我现在并没有穿特别抢眼的鞋子，但是总的来说，鞋子都是很棒的。 And they'...
For a minute, I felt like my existence as a person had been noticed, and I was worth saving. 有那么一会儿，我觉得我的存在被人注意到了，并且我是值得被拯救的。 The really sad thing is, in many parts of the world, 但让人遗憾的是，在世界的很多地方， we're raised to believe that strangers are dangerous by default, 我们受到的教育让我们相信，陌生人都是危险的， that we can't...
It's the good feeling I got 这就是那位老人将我 from being saved from the death trap of the storm drain by the old man, 从雨篦子的“死亡陷阱”中“拯救”出来之后，我得到的那种美妙的感觉； or how I feel like part of a community when I talk to somebody on my train on the way to work. 或者是在我乘火车上班与别人交谈时，感觉自己是社群的一份子。 Sometimes it goes further. 有时候还会...
There are things we say when we catch the eye of a stranger or a neighbor walking by. 当我们看到一个陌生人或者一个邻居走过的时候，我们会寒暄几句。 We say, "Hello, how are you? It's a beautiful day. How do you feel?" 我们会说：“你好。最近怎么样？今天天气很好。你感觉怎么样？” These sound kind of meaningless, right? And, in some ways, they are. 这些听起来并没有什...
Of course, you've just heard and you already know that we're running out of antibiotics. 当然，你一定听说过，而且你早就知道了，我们快要没有有效的抗生素了。 Bacteria are incredibly multi-drug-resistant right now, and that's because all of the antibiotics that we use kill bacteria. 现在的细菌都拥有不可思议的多重耐药性，而这都是因为这些抗生素的工作原理都是杀死细菌。...
So we went back to molecular biology and started studying different bacteria, 所以我们回到分子生物学的方法，开始研究不同的细菌， and what we've found now is that in fact, bacteria are multilingual. 我们现在已经发现，事实上，细菌可以讲多国种语言。 They all have a species-specific system — they have a molecule that says "me." 它们都有一个菌种特别识别系统，...
These bacteria are not passive riders, these are incredibly important, they keep us alive. 这些细菌不是顺从的乘客，他们难以置信得重要，他们让我们活着。 They cover us in an invisible body armor that keeps environmental insults out so that we stay healthy. 它们是我们身上的无形盔甲，阻断来之环境的伤，保持我们的健康。 They digest our food, they make our vitamins, they actually e...
To finish I'll just show you the strategy. 最后，我只跟你们说一下战略。 In this one I'm just using the interspecies molecule, but the logic is exactly the same. 在这里，我们只是使用跨菌种分子，但是思维逻辑是一模一样的。 What you know is that when that bacterium gets into the animal, in this case, a mouse, it doesn't initiate virulence right away. 你们都知道，当细...
Why this is interesting is because in the past decade we have found that this is not just some anomaly of this ridiculous, 这个发现之所以有趣，是因为在过去十年间，我们发现这种现象不只局限在这种古怪的、 glow-in-the-dark bacterium that lives in the ocean — all bacteria have systems like this. 住在大海中、会在黑暗中发光的细菌，而是所有的细菌都有类似的系统。 So now what we...
Bacteria are the oldest living organisms on the earth. 细菌是地球上最古老的生物。 They've been here for billions of years, and what they are are single-celled microscopic organisms. 它们已经存在数十亿年了，它们是单细胞微生物。 So they are one cell and they have this special property that they only have one piece of DNA. 它们特征是只有一个细胞，还有就是它们只有一份DNA。 T...
The final thing is, again just to reiterate that there's this practical part, 最后，只是再一次重申，这个研究的实际应用方面， and so we've made these anti-quorum sensing molecules that are being developed as new kinds of therapeutics. 是我们已经制造出了这些“反聚量感应分子”，它们正作为新一代的疗法被开发研究中。 But then, to finish with a plug for all the good and mirac...
But then if you think about it, the squid has this terrible problem 但是如果你再深入地想一下，这乌贼会有一个可怕的问题， because it's got this dying, thick culture of bacteria and it can't sustain that. 因为在它的体内，这些黏稠的细菌会不断的增长，死亡，乌贼无法维持这些细菌的生长。 And so what happens is every morning when the sun comes up the squid goes back to sleep...
What I would hope that I could further argue to you is that this is the invention of multicellularity. 我希望能进一步地说服你们的是，这就是多细胞生物的起源。 Bacteria have been on the Earth for billions of years; humans, couple hundred thousand. 细菌已经生存在地球上数十亿年了。人类只有数十万年而已。 We think bacteria made the rules for how multicellular organization works. ...
We also then went to look at what are these molecules — these were the red triangles on my slides before. 我们同时也研究了这些小分子，这些就是我刚才幻灯上的小红三角形。 This is the Vibrio fischeri molecule. This is the word that it talks with. 这个是费氏弧菌的小分子。也就是它们用以交谈的文字。 So then we started to look at other bacteria, and these are just a smatterin...
What was actually interesting to us was not that the bacteria made light, but when the bacteria made light. 事实上，我们感兴趣的部分并不是细菌会不会发光，而是细菌何时发光。 What we noticed is when the bacteria were alone, so when they were in dilute suspension, they made no light. 我们发现，当细菌独立存在，经稀释后进行悬浮培养时，它们不发光。 But when they grew to a certain ...
The reason that Vibrio fischeri is doing that comes from the biology. 费氏弧菌的发光现象来自生物学上的原因。 Again, another plug for the animals in the ocean, Vibrio fischeri lives in this squid. 接下来，我们再来看一个海洋生物：费式弧菌寄生在这种乌贼的体内。 What you are looking at is the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid, and it's been turned on its back, 你们现在看到的是夏威夷截...